{"id":2240,"date":"2016-05-16T17:37:30","date_gmt":"2016-05-16T17:37:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/biologyxwaymakerxmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2240"},"modified":"2024-04-26T18:49:43","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T18:49:43","slug":"reading-exocytosis-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/chapter\/reading-exocytosis-2\/","title":{"raw":"Exocytosis","rendered":"Exocytosis"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify the steps of exocytosis<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe reverse process of moving material into a cell is the process of exocytosis. Exocytosis is the opposite of the processes discussed in the last\u00a0section\u00a0in that its purpose is to expel material from the cell into the extracellular fluid. Waste material is enveloped in a membrane and fuses with the interior of the plasma membrane. This fusion opens the membranous envelope on the exterior of the cell, and the waste material is expelled into the extracellular space (Figure\u00a01). Other examples of cells releasing molecules via exocytosis include the secretion of proteins of the extracellular matrix and secretion of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft by synaptic vesicles.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_1634\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<img class=\"wp-image-1634\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/110\/2016\/05\/02232844\/Figure_05_04_04.jpg\" alt=\"This illustration shows vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the extracellular fluid.\" width=\"500\" height=\"567\" \/> Figure\u00a01. In exocytosis, vesicles containing substances fuse with the plasma membrane. The contents are then released to the exterior of the cell. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)[\/caption]\r\n\r\nA summary of the cellular transport methods discussed is contained in Table 1, which also includes the energy requirements and materials transported by each.\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th colspan=\"3\">Table 1. Methods of Transport, Energy Requirements, and Types of Material Transported<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Transport Method<\/th>\r\n<th>Active\/Passive<\/th>\r\n<th>Material Transported<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Diffusion<\/td>\r\n<td>Passive<\/td>\r\n<td>Small-molecular weight material<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Osmosis<\/td>\r\n<td>Passive<\/td>\r\n<td>Water<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Facilitated transport\/diffusion<\/td>\r\n<td>Passive<\/td>\r\n<td>Sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Primary active transport<\/td>\r\n<td>Active<\/td>\r\n<td>Sodium, potassium, calcium<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Secondary active transport<\/td>\r\n<td>Active<\/td>\r\n<td>Amino acids, lactose<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Phagocytosis<\/td>\r\n<td>Active<\/td>\r\n<td>Large macromolecules, whole cells, or cellular structures<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Pinocytosis and potocytosis<\/td>\r\n<td>Active<\/td>\r\n<td>Small molecules (liquids\/water)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Receptor-mediated endocytosis<\/td>\r\n<td>Active<\/td>\r\n<td>Large quantities of macromolecules<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Exocytosis<\/td>\r\n<td>Active<\/td>\r\n<td>Waste materials, proteins for the extracellular matrix, neurotransmitters<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>In Summary: Exocytosis<\/h3>\r\nExocytosis in many ways is the reverse process from endocytosis. Here cells expel material through the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane and subsequent dumping of their content into the extracellular fluid.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/3606746e-e088-4a51-be97-058ae1698f7d\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify the steps of exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>The reverse process of moving material into a cell is the process of exocytosis. Exocytosis is the opposite of the processes discussed in the last\u00a0section\u00a0in that its purpose is to expel material from the cell into the extracellular fluid. Waste material is enveloped in a membrane and fuses with the interior of the plasma membrane. This fusion opens the membranous envelope on the exterior of the cell, and the waste material is expelled into the extracellular space (Figure\u00a01). Other examples of cells releasing molecules via exocytosis include the secretion of proteins of the extracellular matrix and secretion of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft by synaptic vesicles.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1634\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1634\" class=\"wp-image-1634\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/110\/2016\/05\/02232844\/Figure_05_04_04.jpg\" alt=\"This illustration shows vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the extracellular fluid.\" width=\"500\" height=\"567\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-1634\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure\u00a01. In exocytosis, vesicles containing substances fuse with the plasma membrane. The contents are then released to the exterior of the cell. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>A summary of the cellular transport methods discussed is contained in Table 1, which also includes the energy requirements and materials transported by each.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Table 1. Methods of Transport, Energy Requirements, and Types of Material Transported<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Transport Method<\/th>\n<th>Active\/Passive<\/th>\n<th>Material Transported<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Diffusion<\/td>\n<td>Passive<\/td>\n<td>Small-molecular weight material<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Osmosis<\/td>\n<td>Passive<\/td>\n<td>Water<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Facilitated transport\/diffusion<\/td>\n<td>Passive<\/td>\n<td>Sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Primary active transport<\/td>\n<td>Active<\/td>\n<td>Sodium, potassium, calcium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Secondary active transport<\/td>\n<td>Active<\/td>\n<td>Amino acids, lactose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Phagocytosis<\/td>\n<td>Active<\/td>\n<td>Large macromolecules, whole cells, or cellular structures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pinocytosis and potocytosis<\/td>\n<td>Active<\/td>\n<td>Small molecules (liquids\/water)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Receptor-mediated endocytosis<\/td>\n<td>Active<\/td>\n<td>Large quantities of macromolecules<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Exocytosis<\/td>\n<td>Active<\/td>\n<td>Waste materials, proteins for the extracellular matrix, neurotransmitters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>In Summary: Exocytosis<\/h3>\n<p>Exocytosis in many ways is the reverse process from endocytosis. Here cells expel material through the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane and subsequent dumping of their content into the extracellular fluid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_3606746e-e088-4a51-be97-058ae1698f7d\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/3606746e-e088-4a51-be97-058ae1698f7d?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_3606746e-e088-4a51-be97-058ae1698f7d\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2240\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Biology 2e. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8\">http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/biology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Biology 2e\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/biology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"0f83603e-9db0-4971-904a-b00e2dc9d864, 6b055309-417e-4712-9e3e-e95b4fe08ca4","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2240","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":130,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5902,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2240\/revisions\/5902"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/130"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2240\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2240"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2240"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}