{"id":4178,"date":"2017-01-25T19:16:51","date_gmt":"2017-01-25T19:16:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=4178"},"modified":"2024-04-29T16:29:05","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T16:29:05","slug":"the-central-dogma","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/chapter\/the-central-dogma\/","title":{"raw":"The Central Dogma","rendered":"The Central Dogma"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify the central dogma of life<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nAs you have learned, information flow in an organism takes place from DNA to RNA to protein:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>DNA is transcribed to RNA via complementary base pairing rules (but with U instead of T in the transcript)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The RNA transcript, specifically mRNA, is then translated to an amino acid polypeptide<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Final folding and modifications of the polypeptide lead to functional proteins that actually do things in cells<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThis is known as the <strong>Central Dogma of Life<\/strong>, which holds true for all organisms.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_4182\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1087\/2017\/01\/25191457\/Figure_15_01_02a.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img class=\"wp-image-4182 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1087\/2017\/01\/25191457\/Figure_15_01_02a-1024x205.jpg\" alt=\"To make a protein, genetic information encoded by the DNA must be transcribed onto an mRNA molecule. The RNA is then processed by splicing to remove exons and by the addition of a 5\u2032 cap and a poly-A tail. A ribosome then reads the sequence on the mRNA, and uses this information to string amino acids into a protein.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"205\" \/><\/a> Figure 1. Click for a larger image. Instructions on DNA are transcribed onto messenger RNA. Ribosomes are able to read the genetic information inscribed on a strand of messenger RNA and use this information to string amino acids together into a protein.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.oppia.org\/embed\/exploration\/exjRkfVQADh2\" width=\"700\" height=\"800\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<a href=\".\/dna-rna-proteins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here for a text-only version of the activity.<\/a>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/3695b1f4-4b9b-4c81-b476-2b4a3fee511f\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify the central dogma of life<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>As you have learned, information flow in an organism takes place from DNA to RNA to protein:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DNA is transcribed to RNA via complementary base pairing rules (but with U instead of T in the transcript)<\/li>\n<li>The RNA transcript, specifically mRNA, is then translated to an amino acid polypeptide<\/li>\n<li>Final folding and modifications of the polypeptide lead to functional proteins that actually do things in cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This is known as the <strong>Central Dogma of Life<\/strong>, which holds true for all organisms.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4182\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1087\/2017\/01\/25191457\/Figure_15_01_02a.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4182\" class=\"wp-image-4182 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1087\/2017\/01\/25191457\/Figure_15_01_02a-1024x205.jpg\" alt=\"To make a protein, genetic information encoded by the DNA must be transcribed onto an mRNA molecule. The RNA is then processed by splicing to remove exons and by the addition of a 5\u2032 cap and a poly-A tail. A ribosome then reads the sequence on the mRNA, and uses this information to string amino acids into a protein.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"205\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-4182\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. Click for a larger image. Instructions on DNA are transcribed onto messenger RNA. Ribosomes are able to read the genetic information inscribed on a strand of messenger RNA and use this information to string amino acids together into a protein.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oppia.org\/embed\/exploration\/exjRkfVQADh2\" width=\"700\" height=\"800\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\".\/dna-rna-proteins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here for a text-only version of the activity.<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_3695b1f4-4b9b-4c81-b476-2b4a3fee511f\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/3695b1f4-4b9b-4c81-b476-2b4a3fee511f?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_3695b1f4-4b9b-4c81-b476-2b4a3fee511f\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-4178\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>The Central Dogma. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Biology 2e. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8\">http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/biology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><li>The Central Dogma of Life. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oppia.org\/explore\/exjRkfVQADh2\">https:\/\/www.oppia.org\/explore\/exjRkfVQADh2<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":17,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Biology 2e\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/biology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"The Central Dogma\",\"author\":\"Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"The Central Dogma of Life\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oppia.org\/explore\/exjRkfVQADh2\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"411effa4-79cd-41e2-8c4b-2da376382fcc, 109ed2f3-d735-4fe7-a0a6-9528906b2bb8","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-4178","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":316,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5989,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4178\/revisions\/5989"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/316"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4178\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=4178"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=4178"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=4178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}