{"id":4440,"date":"2017-02-09T18:48:54","date_gmt":"2017-02-09T18:48:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=4440"},"modified":"2024-04-29T16:30:56","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T16:30:56","slug":"prokaryotic-gene-regulation-at-work","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/chapter\/prokaryotic-gene-regulation-at-work\/","title":{"raw":"Prokaryotic Gene Regulation at Work","rendered":"Prokaryotic Gene Regulation at Work"},"content":{"raw":"As we've just learned, there are three types of regulatory molecules that can affect the expression of operons: repressors, activators, and inducers.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong> Repressors<\/strong> are proteins that suppress transcription of a gene in response to an external stimulus. In other words, a repressor keeps a gene \"off.\"<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Activators<\/strong> are proteins that increase the transcription of a gene in response to an external stimulus. In other words, an activator turns a gene \"on.\"<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Inducers<\/strong> are small molecules that either activate or repress transcription depending on the needs of the cell and the availability of substrate. Inducers basically help speed up or slow down \"on\" or \"off\" by binding to a repressor or activator. In other words: they don't work alone.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn the interactive below, we will focus on the differences between regulatory molecules in gene expression:\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291231428017928738\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script>\r\n\r\n<a href=\".\/activators-and-repressors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here for a text-only version of the activity.<\/a>","rendered":"<p>As we&#8217;ve just learned, there are three types of regulatory molecules that can affect the expression of operons: repressors, activators, and inducers.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> Repressors<\/strong> are proteins that suppress transcription of a gene in response to an external stimulus. In other words, a repressor keeps a gene &#8220;off.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Activators<\/strong> are proteins that increase the transcription of a gene in response to an external stimulus. In other words, an activator turns a gene &#8220;on.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inducers<\/strong> are small molecules that either activate or repress transcription depending on the needs of the cell and the availability of substrate. Inducers basically help speed up or slow down &#8220;on&#8221; or &#8220;off&#8221; by binding to a repressor or activator. In other words: they don&#8217;t work alone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In the interactive below, we will focus on the differences between regulatory molecules in gene expression:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291231428017928738\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><a href=\".\/activators-and-repressors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here for a text-only version of the activity.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-4440\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Prokaryotic Gene Regulation at Work. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Activators and Repressors. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oppia.org\/explore\/5HfYP2FK5YCD\">https:\/\/www.oppia.org\/explore\/5HfYP2FK5YCD<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Prokaryotic Gene Regulation at Work\",\"author\":\"Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Activators and Repressors\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oppia.org\/explore\/5HfYP2FK5YCD\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"5425fe7e-a3e6-4670-a6c3-49b661b9b305, 5ded5ead-4b4f-41b2-9c61-d560842eef6b, e4e06b3d-0998-45ad-a8fc-1ed961ebc049","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-4440","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3270,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4440\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5998,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4440\/revisions\/5998"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3270"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4440\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=4440"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=4440"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=4440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}