{"id":1207,"date":"2017-01-18T19:12:27","date_gmt":"2017-01-18T19:12:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1207"},"modified":"2024-04-25T18:44:41","modified_gmt":"2024-04-25T18:44:41","slug":"why-it-matters-prokaryotes","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/chapter\/why-it-matters-prokaryotes\/","title":{"raw":"Why It Matters: Prokaryotes","rendered":"Why It Matters: Prokaryotes"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Why identify the different kinds of prokaryotes and common bacteria that infect humans?<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_3645\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"350\"]<img class=\"wp-image-3645\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1223\/2017\/03\/02173748\/EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg\" alt=\"Scanning electron micrograph of Escherichia coli, grown in culture and adhered to a cover slip.\" width=\"350\" height=\"295\" \/> Figure 1. <em>Escherichia coli<\/em>, one of the many species of bacteria present in the human gut[\/caption]\r\n\r\nIn August 2016, a woman in Nevada died from an incurable bacterial infection. She was infected with a strain of <em>Klebsiella<\/em>\u00a0that was\u00a0resistant to all twenty-six of the antibiotics\u00a0at the hospital. Doctors suspect she picked up the bacteria in India, where this kind of resistance is particular prevalent.[footnote]MacKenzie, Debora. \"Woman dies from infection resistant to all available antibiotics.\" <em>New Scientist<\/em>. January 16, 2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2118046-woman-dies-from-infection-resistant-to-all-available-antibiotics\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2118046-woman-dies-from-infection-resistant-to-all-available-antibiotics\/<\/a>.[\/footnote] How do you think this resistance came about? Aren't antibiotics supposed to kill all bacteria?\r\n\r\nHowever, not all prokaryotes are dangerous\u2014in fact, some strains are essential for our bodies to function correctly. For example,\u00a0each person has a\u00a0normal microbial flora (also known as a gut microbiota) in our stomachs. In other words, we have approximately <span style=\"color: #000000;\">100 trillion bacteria\u00a0<\/span>living in our stomachs.\u00a0These bacteria help us with digestion, synthesizing vitamins, and producing hormones.\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Discuss the diversity of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify the metabolic needs of prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify common bacterial diseases in humans<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify common prokaryotes that are beneficial to humans<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<h2>Why identify the different kinds of prokaryotes and common bacteria that infect humans?<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_3645\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3645\" class=\"wp-image-3645\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1223\/2017\/03\/02173748\/EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg\" alt=\"Scanning electron micrograph of Escherichia coli, grown in culture and adhered to a cover slip.\" width=\"350\" height=\"295\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3645\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. <em>Escherichia coli<\/em>, one of the many species of bacteria present in the human gut<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>In August 2016, a woman in Nevada died from an incurable bacterial infection. She was infected with a strain of <em>Klebsiella<\/em>\u00a0that was\u00a0resistant to all twenty-six of the antibiotics\u00a0at the hospital. Doctors suspect she picked up the bacteria in India, where this kind of resistance is particular prevalent.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"MacKenzie, Debora. &quot;Woman dies from infection resistant to all available antibiotics.&quot; New Scientist. January 16, 2017. https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2118046-woman-dies-from-infection-resistant-to-all-available-antibiotics\/.\" id=\"return-footnote-1207-1\" href=\"#footnote-1207-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> How do you think this resistance came about? Aren&#8217;t antibiotics supposed to kill all bacteria?<\/p>\n<p>However, not all prokaryotes are dangerous\u2014in fact, some strains are essential for our bodies to function correctly. For example,\u00a0each person has a\u00a0normal microbial flora (also known as a gut microbiota) in our stomachs. In other words, we have approximately <span style=\"color: #000000;\">100 trillion bacteria\u00a0<\/span>living in our stomachs.\u00a0These bacteria help us with digestion, synthesizing vitamins, and producing hormones.<\/p>\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Discuss the diversity of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\n<li>Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\n<li>Identify the metabolic needs of prokaryotes<\/li>\n<li>Identify common bacterial diseases in humans<\/li>\n<li>Identify common prokaryotes that are beneficial to humans<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1207\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Why It Matters: Prokaryotes. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">Public domain content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Escherichia Coli. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: NIH. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/pdm\">Public Domain: No Known Copyright<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-1207-1\">MacKenzie, Debora. \"Woman dies from infection resistant to all available antibiotics.\" <em>New Scientist<\/em>. January 16, 2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2118046-woman-dies-from-infection-resistant-to-all-available-antibiotics\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2118046-woman-dies-from-infection-resistant-to-all-available-antibiotics\/<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1207-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Why It Matters: Prokaryotes\",\"author\":\"Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"pd\",\"description\":\"Escherichia Coli\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"NIH\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"pd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"3244001f-ff14-4a47-983d-debbbff4004f","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1207","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1195,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1207","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1207\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4850,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1207\/revisions\/4850"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1195"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1207\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1207"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1207"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}