{"id":1445,"date":"2017-01-24T00:00:04","date_gmt":"2017-01-24T00:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1445"},"modified":"2024-04-25T18:51:18","modified_gmt":"2024-04-25T18:51:18","slug":"deuteromycota","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/chapter\/deuteromycota\/","title":{"raw":"Deuteromycota: The Imperfect Fungi","rendered":"Deuteromycota: The Imperfect Fungi"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify characteristics and examples of fungi in the informal group Deuteromycota<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Asexual Ascomycota and Basidiomycota<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp64898064\"><span id=\"term924\" data-type=\"term\">Imperfect fungi<\/span>\u2014those that do not display a sexual phase\u2014were formerly classified in the form phylum\u00a0<span id=\"term925\" data-type=\"term\">Deuteromycota<\/span>, an invalid taxon no longer used in the present, ever-developing classification of organisms. While Deuteromycota was once a classification taxon, recent molecular analysis has shown that some of the members classified in this group belong to the Ascomycota (Figure 1) or the Basidiomycota. Because some members of this group have not yet been appropriately classified, they are less well described in comparison to members of other fungal taxa. Most imperfect fungi live on land, with a few aquatic exceptions. They form visible mycelia with a fuzzy appearance and are commonly known as\u00a0<span id=\"term926\" data-type=\"term\">mold<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_1746\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"349\"]<img class=\" wp-image-1746\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1223\/2017\/01\/26182048\/Figure_24_02_08.jpg\" alt=\"Micrograph shows Aspergillus mycelia, which look like long threads, and a spherical conidiophore about 40 microns across.\" width=\"349\" height=\"242\" \/> Figure 1.\u00a0<i>Aspergillus niger<\/i> is an imperfect fungus commonly found as a food contaminant. The spherical structure in this light micrograph is an asexual conidiophore. (credit: modification of work by Dr. Lucille Georg, CDC; scale-bar data from Matt Russell)[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<section id=\"fs-idp96203488\" data-depth=\"1\">\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm60561856\">The fungi in this group have a large impact on everyday human life. The food industry relies on them for ripening some cheeses. The blue veins in Roquefort cheese and the white crust on Camembert are the result of fungal growth. The antibiotic penicillin was originally discovered on an overgrown Petri plate, on which a colony of<em data-effect=\"italics\">\u00a0Penicillium<\/em>\u00a0fungi had killed the bacterial growth surrounding it. Other fungi in this group cause serious diseases, either directly as parasites (which infect both plants and humans), or as producers of potent toxic compounds, as seen in the aflatoxins released by fungi of the genus\u00a0<em data-effect=\"italics\">Aspergillus<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm56465200\" data-depth=\"1\"><\/section>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/b5953f94-36a8-4654-996c-28745345687d\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify characteristics and examples of fungi in the informal group Deuteromycota<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Asexual Ascomycota and Basidiomycota<\/h2>\n<p id=\"fs-idp64898064\"><span id=\"term924\" data-type=\"term\">Imperfect fungi<\/span>\u2014those that do not display a sexual phase\u2014were formerly classified in the form phylum\u00a0<span id=\"term925\" data-type=\"term\">Deuteromycota<\/span>, an invalid taxon no longer used in the present, ever-developing classification of organisms. While Deuteromycota was once a classification taxon, recent molecular analysis has shown that some of the members classified in this group belong to the Ascomycota (Figure 1) or the Basidiomycota. Because some members of this group have not yet been appropriately classified, they are less well described in comparison to members of other fungal taxa. Most imperfect fungi live on land, with a few aquatic exceptions. They form visible mycelia with a fuzzy appearance and are commonly known as\u00a0<span id=\"term926\" data-type=\"term\">mold<\/span>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1746\" style=\"width: 359px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1746\" class=\"wp-image-1746\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1223\/2017\/01\/26182048\/Figure_24_02_08.jpg\" alt=\"Micrograph shows Aspergillus mycelia, which look like long threads, and a spherical conidiophore about 40 microns across.\" width=\"349\" height=\"242\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-1746\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1.\u00a0<i>Aspergillus niger<\/i> is an imperfect fungus commonly found as a food contaminant. The spherical structure in this light micrograph is an asexual conidiophore. (credit: modification of work by Dr. Lucille Georg, CDC; scale-bar data from Matt Russell)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"fs-idp96203488\" data-depth=\"1\">\n<p id=\"fs-idm60561856\">The fungi in this group have a large impact on everyday human life. The food industry relies on them for ripening some cheeses. The blue veins in Roquefort cheese and the white crust on Camembert are the result of fungal growth. The antibiotic penicillin was originally discovered on an overgrown Petri plate, on which a colony of<em data-effect=\"italics\">\u00a0Penicillium<\/em>\u00a0fungi had killed the bacterial growth surrounding it. Other fungi in this group cause serious diseases, either directly as parasites (which infect both plants and humans), or as producers of potent toxic compounds, as seen in the aflatoxins released by fungi of the genus\u00a0<em data-effect=\"italics\">Aspergillus<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm56465200\" data-depth=\"1\"><\/section>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_b5953f94-36a8-4654-996c-28745345687d\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/b5953f94-36a8-4654-996c-28745345687d?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_b5953f94-36a8-4654-996c-28745345687d\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1445\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Biology 2e. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8\">http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/biology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Biology 2e\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/biology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"b9d4a145-de19-481d-be62-380a77cd03eb, 20afebeb-1157-48b3-a310-886dae0daf4a","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1445","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":20,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8341,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1445\/revisions\/8341"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/20"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1445\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1445"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1445"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}