{"id":2364,"date":"2017-02-03T00:18:47","date_gmt":"2017-02-03T00:18:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2364"},"modified":"2024-04-26T00:41:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T00:41:54","slug":"introduction-to-phylum-porifera","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/chapter\/introduction-to-phylum-porifera\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Phylum Porifera","rendered":"Introduction to Phylum Porifera"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Identify the common characteristics of phylum Porifera<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_2372\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"349\"]<img class=\" wp-image-2372\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1223\/2017\/02\/03002123\/Figure_28_01_01.jpg\" alt=\"The photo shows sponges on the ocean floor. The sponges are yellow with a bumpy surface, forming rounded clumps.\" width=\"349\" height=\"262\" \/> Figure 1. Sponges are members of the Phylum Porifera, which contains the simplest invertebrates. (credit: Andrew Turner)[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe invertebrates, or\u00a0<strong><span data-type=\"term\">invertebrata<\/span><\/strong>, are animals that do not contain bony structures, such as the cranium and vertebrae. The simplest of all the invertebrates are the Parazoans, which include only the phylum\u00a0<strong><span data-type=\"term\">Porifera<\/span><\/strong>: the sponges (Figure 1).\r\n\r\nParazoans (\u201cbeside animals\u201d) do not display tissue-level organization, although they do have specialized cells that perform specific functions. Sponge larvae are able to swim; however, adults are non-motile and spend their life attached to a substratum. Since water is vital to sponges for excretion, feeding, and gas exchange, their body structure facilitates the movement of water through the sponge. Structures such as canals, chambers, and cavities enable water to move through the sponge to nearly all body cells.\r\n<h2>What You\u2019ll Learn to Do<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Describe the organizational features of the simplest multicellular organisms<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain the various body forms and bodily functions of sponges<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Learning Activities<\/h3>\r\nThe learning activities for this section include the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Morphology of Sponges<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Physiological Processes in Sponges<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Self Check: Phylum Porifera<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<h2>Identify the common characteristics of phylum Porifera<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_2372\" style=\"width: 359px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2372\" class=\"wp-image-2372\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1223\/2017\/02\/03002123\/Figure_28_01_01.jpg\" alt=\"The photo shows sponges on the ocean floor. The sponges are yellow with a bumpy surface, forming rounded clumps.\" width=\"349\" height=\"262\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-2372\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. Sponges are members of the Phylum Porifera, which contains the simplest invertebrates. (credit: Andrew Turner)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The invertebrates, or\u00a0<strong><span data-type=\"term\">invertebrata<\/span><\/strong>, are animals that do not contain bony structures, such as the cranium and vertebrae. The simplest of all the invertebrates are the Parazoans, which include only the phylum\u00a0<strong><span data-type=\"term\">Porifera<\/span><\/strong>: the sponges (Figure 1).<\/p>\n<p>Parazoans (\u201cbeside animals\u201d) do not display tissue-level organization, although they do have specialized cells that perform specific functions. Sponge larvae are able to swim; however, adults are non-motile and spend their life attached to a substratum. Since water is vital to sponges for excretion, feeding, and gas exchange, their body structure facilitates the movement of water through the sponge. Structures such as canals, chambers, and cavities enable water to move through the sponge to nearly all body cells.<\/p>\n<h2>What You\u2019ll Learn to Do<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe the organizational features of the simplest multicellular organisms<\/li>\n<li>Explain the various body forms and bodily functions of sponges<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Learning Activities<\/h3>\n<p>The learning activities for this section include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Morphology of Sponges<\/li>\n<li>Physiological Processes in Sponges<\/li>\n<li>Self Check: Phylum Porifera<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2364\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Introduction to Phylum Porifera. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Biology 2e. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8\">http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/biology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Introduction to Phylum Porifera\",\"author\":\"Shelli Carter and Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Biology 2e\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/biology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"127d2724-e0c5-423d-9f68-55ccd5e692c4","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2364","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":143,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2364\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8435,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2364\/revisions\/8435"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/143"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2364\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2364"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2364"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}