Module 1:\u00a0Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\r\nDefine biology and apply its principles<\/h3>\r\n- List the defining characteristics of biological life<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the different kinds of cells that make up different kinds of organisms<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe classification and organizational tools biologists use, including modern taxonomy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe biology as a science and identify the key components of scientific inquiry<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 2:\u00a0Viruses<\/h2>\r\nIdentify different viruses and the methods they use to infect humans<\/h3>\r\n- Discuss the basics of virus discovery, evolution, and classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe a viral infection and explain what impact an infection has on its host<\/li>\r\n \t
- Compare vaccinations and antiviral drugs as medical approaches to viruses<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe prions and viroids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 3:\u00a0History of Life<\/h2>\r\nDiscuss the history of life on Earth<\/h3>\r\n- Explain the theory of evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Define species and identify how species form<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the ways populations evolve<\/li>\r\n \t
- Read and analyze a phylogenetic tree that documents evolutionary relationships<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 4:\u00a0Prokaryotes<\/h2>\r\nIdentify the different kinds of prokaryotes and common bacteria that infect humans<\/h3>\r\n- Discuss the diversity of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the metabolic needs of prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify common bacterial diseases in humans<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify common prokaryotes that are beneficial to humans<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 5: Protists<\/h2>\r\nDiscuss the organisms in Kingdom Protista<\/h3>\r\n- Identify the common characteristics of protists<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify protists into unique categories<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the role that protists play in the ecosystem<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 6:\u00a0Fungi<\/h2>\r\nDiscuss the organisms in Kingdom Fungi<\/h3>\r\n- Identify the common characteristics of fungi<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify fungi into unique categories<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the role that fungi play in the ecosystem<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify common fungal parasites and pathogens<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 7: Plant Diversity<\/h2>\r\nDifferentiate between different types of plants<\/h3>\r\n- Classify seedless plants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify seed plants<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 8:\u00a0Plant Structure and Function<\/h2>\r\nDiscuss the structure and function of plants<\/h3>\r\n- Identify basic common structures of plants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how water and solutes are transported in plants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify common sensory systems and responses in plants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the key elements and processes in plant growth<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the common nutritional needs of plants<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 9:\u00a0Plant Reproduction<\/h2>\r\nDifferentiate between different types of plants<\/h3>\r\n- Discuss the reproductive development and structure of plants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how plants reproduce asexually<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how plants reproduce sexually<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 10:\u00a0Animal Diversity<\/h2>\r\nDiscuss the importance of animal diversity<\/h3>\r\n- Discuss the evolutionary history of the animal kingdom<\/li>\r\n \t
- Chart animal phylogeny<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the various types of body plans that occur in animals<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the tissue structures found in animals<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss methods and features of animal reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the importance of homeostasis in animals<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 11:\u00a0Invertebrates<\/h2>\r\nClassify different types of invertebrates<\/h3>\r\n- Identify the common characteristics of phylum Porifera<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the common characteristics of phylum Cnidaria<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Lophotrochozoa<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Ecdysozoa<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Deuterostomia<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 12:\u00a0Vertebrates<\/h2>\r\nClassify different types of vertebrates<\/h3>\r\n- Identify the common characteristics of chordates<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of fishes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of amphibians<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of amniotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of reptiles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of birds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of mammals<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 13:\u00a0Overview of Body Systems<\/h2>\r\nDescribe different body systems<\/h3>\r\n- Discuss how different body systems interact with one another<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the nervous, endocrine, reproductive, and sensory systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the circulatory, immune, respiratory, and digestive systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the muscular, skeletal, and integumentary systems<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 14:\u00a0The Nervous System<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the components and role of the nervous system<\/h3>\r\n- Identify the two primary parts of the nervous system and describe the function and structure of neurons and glial cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the way neurons communicate<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the components of the central nervous system<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the components of the peripheral nervous system<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the symptoms, potential causes, and treatment of several examples of nervous system disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 15:\u00a0The Endocrine System<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the components and role of the endocrine system<\/h3>\r\n- Identify different types of hormones and explain the regulation of hormone production<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the two types of hormone receptors<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how hormones regulate body processes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the role of different glands in the endocrine system<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 16:\u00a0The Reproductive System<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the components and role of the reproductive system<\/h3>\r\n- Describe advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe human male and female reproductive anatomies<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the roles of male and female reproductive hormones<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss internal and external methods of fertilization<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain how the embryo forms from the zygote<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain fetal development during the three trimesters of gestation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 17:\u00a0Sensory Systems<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the components and role of the sensory system<\/h3>\r\n- Identify the general and special senses in humans<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how somatosensation, the sense of touch, works<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain how taste and smell work together<\/li>\r\n \t
- Trace the path of sound through the auditory system to the site of transduction of sound<\/li>\r\n \t
- Trace the path of light through the eye to the point of the optic nerve<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 18:\u00a0The Circulatory System<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the components and role of the circulatory system<\/h3>\r\n- Describe the organization of the vertebrate circulatory system<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and function of blood in the body<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure of the heart and explain how cardiac muscle is different from other muscles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries, and how blood flows through the body<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 19:\u00a0The Respiratory System<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the components and role of the respiratory system<\/h3>\r\n- Describe the passage of air from the outside environment to the lungs<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand how gas pressure influences how gases move into and out of the body<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how the structures of the respiratory system control the mechanics of breathing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain how gases are transported in the body<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 20:\u00a0The Immune System<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the components and role of the immune system<\/h3>\r\n- Explain immediate and induced innate immune responses<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain adaptive immunity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and function of antibodies<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 21:\u00a0The Digestive System<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the components and role of the digestive system<\/h3>\r\n- Compare and contrast different types of digestive systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain how energy is produced through diet and digestion<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the processes and regulations involved in digestion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 22:\u00a0The Excretory System<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the components and role of the excretory system<\/h3>\r\n- Explain why osmoregulation and osmotic balance are important body functions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure of the kidneys and the functions of the parts of the kidney<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain how different excretion systems function<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 23:\u00a0The Musculoskeletal System<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the components and role of the musculoskeletal system<\/h3>\r\n- Discuss the different types of skeletal systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the structure and function of bones<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify the different types of joints on the basis of structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the role of muscles in locomotion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 24:\u00a0The Integumentary System<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the components and role of the integumentary system<\/h3>\r\n- Describe the layers of the skin and the functions of each layer<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the accessory structures of the skin<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the different functions of the skin<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify different diseases, disorders, and injuries of the integumentary system<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 25:\u00a0Ecology of Living Things<\/h2>\r\nDefine the scope and components of ecology<\/h3>\r\n- Identify the scope of ecology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Distinguish between abiotic and biotic components of the environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify different biomes of our world<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the scope and study of population ecology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the scope and study of community ecology<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 26:\u00a0Ecology and the Environment<\/h2>\r\nDiscuss the ecology as it relates to the environment<\/h3>\r\n- Describe how organisms acquire energy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the biogeochemical cycles of water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify evidence of climate change<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain why conservation biology and biodiversity are important<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
![\"icon](\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1223\/2018\/01\/05173952\/outcomes.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
The content, assignments, and assessments for Biology for Majors\u00a0II are aligned to the following learning outcomes. A full list of course learning outcomes can be viewed here:\u00a0Biology for Majors II Learning Outcomes<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1:\u00a0Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\nDefine biology and apply its principles<\/h3>\n\n- List the defining characteristics of biological life<\/li>\n
- Identify the different kinds of cells that make up different kinds of organisms<\/li>\n
- Describe classification and organizational tools biologists use, including modern taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Describe biology as a science and identify the key components of scientific inquiry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2:\u00a0Viruses<\/h2>\nIdentify different viruses and the methods they use to infect humans<\/h3>\n\n- Discuss the basics of virus discovery, evolution, and classification<\/li>\n
- Describe a viral infection and explain what impact an infection has on its host<\/li>\n
- Compare vaccinations and antiviral drugs as medical approaches to viruses<\/li>\n
- Describe prions and viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3:\u00a0History of Life<\/h2>\nDiscuss the history of life on Earth<\/h3>\n\n- Explain the theory of evolution<\/li>\n
- Define species and identify how species form<\/li>\n
- Discuss the ways populations evolve<\/li>\n
- Read and analyze a phylogenetic tree that documents evolutionary relationships<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4:\u00a0Prokaryotes<\/h2>\nIdentify the different kinds of prokaryotes and common bacteria that infect humans<\/h3>\n\n- Discuss the diversity of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\n
- Identify the metabolic needs of prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Identify common bacterial diseases in humans<\/li>\n
- Identify common prokaryotes that are beneficial to humans<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Protists<\/h2>\nDiscuss the organisms in Kingdom Protista<\/h3>\n\n- Identify the common characteristics of protists<\/li>\n
- Classify protists into unique categories<\/li>\n
- Describe the role that protists play in the ecosystem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6:\u00a0Fungi<\/h2>\nDiscuss the organisms in Kingdom Fungi<\/h3>\n\n- Identify the common characteristics of fungi<\/li>\n
- Classify fungi into unique categories<\/li>\n
- Describe the role that fungi play in the ecosystem<\/li>\n
- Identify common fungal parasites and pathogens<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Plant Diversity<\/h2>\nDifferentiate between different types of plants<\/h3>\n\n- Classify seedless plants<\/li>\n
- Classify seed plants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8:\u00a0Plant Structure and Function<\/h2>\nDiscuss the structure and function of plants<\/h3>\n\n- Identify basic common structures of plants<\/li>\n
- Describe how water and solutes are transported in plants<\/li>\n
- Identify common sensory systems and responses in plants<\/li>\n
- Identify the key elements and processes in plant growth<\/li>\n
- Discuss the common nutritional needs of plants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9:\u00a0Plant Reproduction<\/h2>\nDifferentiate between different types of plants<\/h3>\n\n- Discuss the reproductive development and structure of plants<\/li>\n
- Describe how plants reproduce asexually<\/li>\n
- Describe how plants reproduce sexually<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10:\u00a0Animal Diversity<\/h2>\nDiscuss the importance of animal diversity<\/h3>\n\n- Discuss the evolutionary history of the animal kingdom<\/li>\n
- Chart animal phylogeny<\/li>\n
- Describe the various types of body plans that occur in animals<\/li>\n
- Discuss the tissue structures found in animals<\/li>\n
- Discuss methods and features of animal reproduction<\/li>\n
- Discuss the importance of homeostasis in animals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Invertebrates<\/h2>\nClassify different types of invertebrates<\/h3>\n\n- Identify the common characteristics of phylum Porifera<\/li>\n
- Identify the common characteristics of phylum Cnidaria<\/li>\n
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Lophotrochozoa<\/li>\n
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Ecdysozoa<\/li>\n
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Deuterostomia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0Vertebrates<\/h2>\nClassify different types of vertebrates<\/h3>\n\n- Identify the common characteristics of chordates<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of fishes<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of amphibians<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of amniotes<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of reptiles<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of birds<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of mammals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13:\u00a0Overview of Body Systems<\/h2>\nDescribe different body systems<\/h3>\n\n- Discuss how different body systems interact with one another<\/li>\n
- Describe the nervous, endocrine, reproductive, and sensory systems<\/li>\n
- Describe the circulatory, immune, respiratory, and digestive systems<\/li>\n
- Describe the muscular, skeletal, and integumentary systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14:\u00a0The Nervous System<\/h2>\nDescribe the components and role of the nervous system<\/h3>\n\n- Identify the two primary parts of the nervous system and describe the function and structure of neurons and glial cells<\/li>\n
- Explain the way neurons communicate<\/li>\n
- Identify the components of the central nervous system<\/li>\n
- Identify the components of the peripheral nervous system<\/li>\n
- Describe the symptoms, potential causes, and treatment of several examples of nervous system disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15:\u00a0The Endocrine System<\/h2>\nDescribe the components and role of the endocrine system<\/h3>\n\n- Identify different types of hormones and explain the regulation of hormone production<\/li>\n
- Describe the two types of hormone receptors<\/li>\n
- Describe how hormones regulate body processes<\/li>\n
- Describe the role of different glands in the endocrine system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16:\u00a0The Reproductive System<\/h2>\nDescribe the components and role of the reproductive system<\/h3>\n\n- Describe advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction<\/li>\n
- Describe human male and female reproductive anatomies<\/li>\n
- Describe the roles of male and female reproductive hormones<\/li>\n
- Discuss internal and external methods of fertilization<\/li>\n
- Explain how the embryo forms from the zygote<\/li>\n
- Explain fetal development during the three trimesters of gestation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17:\u00a0Sensory Systems<\/h2>\nDescribe the components and role of the sensory system<\/h3>\n\n- Identify the general and special senses in humans<\/li>\n
- Describe how somatosensation, the sense of touch, works<\/li>\n
- Explain how taste and smell work together<\/li>\n
- Trace the path of sound through the auditory system to the site of transduction of sound<\/li>\n
- Trace the path of light through the eye to the point of the optic nerve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 18:\u00a0The Circulatory System<\/h2>\nDescribe the components and role of the circulatory system<\/h3>\n\n- Describe the organization of the vertebrate circulatory system<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and function of blood in the body<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure of the heart and explain how cardiac muscle is different from other muscles<\/li>\n
- Explain the structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries, and how blood flows through the body<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 19:\u00a0The Respiratory System<\/h2>\nDescribe the components and role of the respiratory system<\/h3>\n\n- Describe the passage of air from the outside environment to the lungs<\/li>\n
- Understand how gas pressure influences how gases move into and out of the body<\/li>\n
- Describe how the structures of the respiratory system control the mechanics of breathing<\/li>\n
- Explain how gases are transported in the body<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 20:\u00a0The Immune System<\/h2>\nDescribe the components and role of the immune system<\/h3>\n\n- Explain immediate and induced innate immune responses<\/li>\n
- Explain adaptive immunity<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and function of antibodies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 21:\u00a0The Digestive System<\/h2>\nDescribe the components and role of the digestive system<\/h3>\n\n- Compare and contrast different types of digestive systems<\/li>\n
- Explain how energy is produced through diet and digestion<\/li>\n
- Discuss the processes and regulations involved in digestion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 22:\u00a0The Excretory System<\/h2>\nDescribe the components and role of the excretory system<\/h3>\n\n- Explain why osmoregulation and osmotic balance are important body functions<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure of the kidneys and the functions of the parts of the kidney<\/li>\n
- Explain how different excretion systems function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 23:\u00a0The Musculoskeletal System<\/h2>\nDescribe the components and role of the musculoskeletal system<\/h3>\n\n- Discuss the different types of skeletal systems<\/li>\n
- Discuss the structure and function of bones<\/li>\n
- Classify the different types of joints on the basis of structure<\/li>\n
- Explain the role of muscles in locomotion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 24:\u00a0The Integumentary System<\/h2>\nDescribe the components and role of the integumentary system<\/h3>\n\n- Describe the layers of the skin and the functions of each layer<\/li>\n
- Identify the accessory structures of the skin<\/li>\n
- Describe the different functions of the skin<\/li>\n
- Identify different diseases, disorders, and injuries of the integumentary system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 25:\u00a0Ecology of Living Things<\/h2>\nDefine the scope and components of ecology<\/h3>\n\n- Identify the scope of ecology<\/li>\n
- Distinguish between abiotic and biotic components of the environment<\/li>\n
- Identify different biomes of our world<\/li>\n
- Discuss the scope and study of population ecology<\/li>\n
- Discuss the scope and study of community ecology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 26:\u00a0Ecology and the Environment<\/h2>\nDiscuss the ecology as it relates to the environment<\/h3>\n\n- Describe how organisms acquire energy<\/li>\n
- Discuss the biogeochemical cycles of water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur<\/li>\n
- Identify evidence of climate change<\/li>\n
- Explain why conservation biology and biodiversity are important<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Learning Outcomes. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Magnify. Authored by<\/strong>: Eucalyp. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/magnify\/1276779\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Magnify\",\"author\":\"Eucalyp\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/magnify\/1276779\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Learning Outcomes\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5433","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5428,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5433","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5433\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8783,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5433\/revisions\/8783"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5428"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5433\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5433"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5433"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5433"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- List the defining characteristics of biological life<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the different kinds of cells that make up different kinds of organisms<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe classification and organizational tools biologists use, including modern taxonomy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe biology as a science and identify the key components of scientific inquiry<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 2:\u00a0Viruses<\/h2>\r\n
Identify different viruses and the methods they use to infect humans<\/h3>\r\n
- Discuss the basics of virus discovery, evolution, and classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe a viral infection and explain what impact an infection has on its host<\/li>\r\n \t
- Compare vaccinations and antiviral drugs as medical approaches to viruses<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe prions and viroids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 3:\u00a0History of Life<\/h2>\r\n
Discuss the history of life on Earth<\/h3>\r\n
- Explain the theory of evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Define species and identify how species form<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the ways populations evolve<\/li>\r\n \t
- Read and analyze a phylogenetic tree that documents evolutionary relationships<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 4:\u00a0Prokaryotes<\/h2>\r\n
Identify the different kinds of prokaryotes and common bacteria that infect humans<\/h3>\r\n
- Discuss the diversity of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the metabolic needs of prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify common bacterial diseases in humans<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify common prokaryotes that are beneficial to humans<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 5: Protists<\/h2>\r\n
Discuss the organisms in Kingdom Protista<\/h3>\r\n
- Identify the common characteristics of protists<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify protists into unique categories<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the role that protists play in the ecosystem<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 6:\u00a0Fungi<\/h2>\r\n
Discuss the organisms in Kingdom Fungi<\/h3>\r\n
- Identify the common characteristics of fungi<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify fungi into unique categories<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the role that fungi play in the ecosystem<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify common fungal parasites and pathogens<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 7: Plant Diversity<\/h2>\r\n
Differentiate between different types of plants<\/h3>\r\n
- Classify seedless plants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify seed plants<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 8:\u00a0Plant Structure and Function<\/h2>\r\n
Discuss the structure and function of plants<\/h3>\r\n
- Identify basic common structures of plants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how water and solutes are transported in plants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify common sensory systems and responses in plants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the key elements and processes in plant growth<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the common nutritional needs of plants<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 9:\u00a0Plant Reproduction<\/h2>\r\n
Differentiate between different types of plants<\/h3>\r\n
- Discuss the reproductive development and structure of plants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how plants reproduce asexually<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how plants reproduce sexually<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 10:\u00a0Animal Diversity<\/h2>\r\n
Discuss the importance of animal diversity<\/h3>\r\n
- Discuss the evolutionary history of the animal kingdom<\/li>\r\n \t
- Chart animal phylogeny<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the various types of body plans that occur in animals<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the tissue structures found in animals<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss methods and features of animal reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the importance of homeostasis in animals<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 11:\u00a0Invertebrates<\/h2>\r\n
Classify different types of invertebrates<\/h3>\r\n
- Identify the common characteristics of phylum Porifera<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the common characteristics of phylum Cnidaria<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Lophotrochozoa<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Ecdysozoa<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Deuterostomia<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 12:\u00a0Vertebrates<\/h2>\r\n
Classify different types of vertebrates<\/h3>\r\n
- Identify the common characteristics of chordates<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of fishes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of amphibians<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of amniotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of reptiles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of birds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify characteristics of mammals<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 13:\u00a0Overview of Body Systems<\/h2>\r\n
Describe different body systems<\/h3>\r\n
- Discuss how different body systems interact with one another<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the nervous, endocrine, reproductive, and sensory systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the circulatory, immune, respiratory, and digestive systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the muscular, skeletal, and integumentary systems<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 14:\u00a0The Nervous System<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the components and role of the nervous system<\/h3>\r\n
- Identify the two primary parts of the nervous system and describe the function and structure of neurons and glial cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the way neurons communicate<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the components of the central nervous system<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the components of the peripheral nervous system<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the symptoms, potential causes, and treatment of several examples of nervous system disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 15:\u00a0The Endocrine System<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the components and role of the endocrine system<\/h3>\r\n
- Identify different types of hormones and explain the regulation of hormone production<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the two types of hormone receptors<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how hormones regulate body processes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the role of different glands in the endocrine system<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 16:\u00a0The Reproductive System<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the components and role of the reproductive system<\/h3>\r\n
- Describe advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe human male and female reproductive anatomies<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the roles of male and female reproductive hormones<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss internal and external methods of fertilization<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain how the embryo forms from the zygote<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain fetal development during the three trimesters of gestation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 17:\u00a0Sensory Systems<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the components and role of the sensory system<\/h3>\r\n
- Identify the general and special senses in humans<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how somatosensation, the sense of touch, works<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain how taste and smell work together<\/li>\r\n \t
- Trace the path of sound through the auditory system to the site of transduction of sound<\/li>\r\n \t
- Trace the path of light through the eye to the point of the optic nerve<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 18:\u00a0The Circulatory System<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the components and role of the circulatory system<\/h3>\r\n
- Describe the organization of the vertebrate circulatory system<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and function of blood in the body<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure of the heart and explain how cardiac muscle is different from other muscles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries, and how blood flows through the body<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 19:\u00a0The Respiratory System<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the components and role of the respiratory system<\/h3>\r\n
- Describe the passage of air from the outside environment to the lungs<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand how gas pressure influences how gases move into and out of the body<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe how the structures of the respiratory system control the mechanics of breathing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain how gases are transported in the body<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 20:\u00a0The Immune System<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the components and role of the immune system<\/h3>\r\n
- Explain immediate and induced innate immune responses<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain adaptive immunity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and function of antibodies<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 21:\u00a0The Digestive System<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the components and role of the digestive system<\/h3>\r\n
- Compare and contrast different types of digestive systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain how energy is produced through diet and digestion<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the processes and regulations involved in digestion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 22:\u00a0The Excretory System<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the components and role of the excretory system<\/h3>\r\n
- Explain why osmoregulation and osmotic balance are important body functions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure of the kidneys and the functions of the parts of the kidney<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain how different excretion systems function<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 23:\u00a0The Musculoskeletal System<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the components and role of the musculoskeletal system<\/h3>\r\n
- Discuss the different types of skeletal systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the structure and function of bones<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify the different types of joints on the basis of structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the role of muscles in locomotion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 24:\u00a0The Integumentary System<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the components and role of the integumentary system<\/h3>\r\n
- Describe the layers of the skin and the functions of each layer<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the accessory structures of the skin<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the different functions of the skin<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify different diseases, disorders, and injuries of the integumentary system<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 25:\u00a0Ecology of Living Things<\/h2>\r\n
Define the scope and components of ecology<\/h3>\r\n
- Identify the scope of ecology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Distinguish between abiotic and biotic components of the environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify different biomes of our world<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the scope and study of population ecology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the scope and study of community ecology<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>
Module 26:\u00a0Ecology and the Environment<\/h2>\r\n
Discuss the ecology as it relates to the environment<\/h3>\r\n
- Describe how organisms acquire energy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss the biogeochemical cycles of water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify evidence of climate change<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain why conservation biology and biodiversity are important<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<\/p>\n
The content, assignments, and assessments for Biology for Majors\u00a0II are aligned to the following learning outcomes. A full list of course learning outcomes can be viewed here:\u00a0Biology for Majors II Learning Outcomes<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Module 1:\u00a0Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n
Define biology and apply its principles<\/h3>\n
- \n
- List the defining characteristics of biological life<\/li>\n
- Identify the different kinds of cells that make up different kinds of organisms<\/li>\n
- Describe classification and organizational tools biologists use, including modern taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Describe biology as a science and identify the key components of scientific inquiry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2:\u00a0Viruses<\/h2>\n
Identify different viruses and the methods they use to infect humans<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Discuss the basics of virus discovery, evolution, and classification<\/li>\n
- Describe a viral infection and explain what impact an infection has on its host<\/li>\n
- Compare vaccinations and antiviral drugs as medical approaches to viruses<\/li>\n
- Describe prions and viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3:\u00a0History of Life<\/h2>\n
Discuss the history of life on Earth<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Explain the theory of evolution<\/li>\n
- Define species and identify how species form<\/li>\n
- Discuss the ways populations evolve<\/li>\n
- Read and analyze a phylogenetic tree that documents evolutionary relationships<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4:\u00a0Prokaryotes<\/h2>\n
Identify the different kinds of prokaryotes and common bacteria that infect humans<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Discuss the diversity of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells<\/li>\n
- Identify the metabolic needs of prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Identify common bacterial diseases in humans<\/li>\n
- Identify common prokaryotes that are beneficial to humans<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Protists<\/h2>\n
Discuss the organisms in Kingdom Protista<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Identify the common characteristics of protists<\/li>\n
- Classify protists into unique categories<\/li>\n
- Describe the role that protists play in the ecosystem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6:\u00a0Fungi<\/h2>\n
Discuss the organisms in Kingdom Fungi<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Identify the common characteristics of fungi<\/li>\n
- Classify fungi into unique categories<\/li>\n
- Describe the role that fungi play in the ecosystem<\/li>\n
- Identify common fungal parasites and pathogens<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Plant Diversity<\/h2>\n
Differentiate between different types of plants<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Classify seedless plants<\/li>\n
- Classify seed plants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8:\u00a0Plant Structure and Function<\/h2>\n
Discuss the structure and function of plants<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Identify basic common structures of plants<\/li>\n
- Describe how water and solutes are transported in plants<\/li>\n
- Identify common sensory systems and responses in plants<\/li>\n
- Identify the key elements and processes in plant growth<\/li>\n
- Discuss the common nutritional needs of plants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9:\u00a0Plant Reproduction<\/h2>\n
Differentiate between different types of plants<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Discuss the reproductive development and structure of plants<\/li>\n
- Describe how plants reproduce asexually<\/li>\n
- Describe how plants reproduce sexually<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10:\u00a0Animal Diversity<\/h2>\n
Discuss the importance of animal diversity<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Discuss the evolutionary history of the animal kingdom<\/li>\n
- Chart animal phylogeny<\/li>\n
- Describe the various types of body plans that occur in animals<\/li>\n
- Discuss the tissue structures found in animals<\/li>\n
- Discuss methods and features of animal reproduction<\/li>\n
- Discuss the importance of homeostasis in animals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11:\u00a0Invertebrates<\/h2>\n
Classify different types of invertebrates<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Identify the common characteristics of phylum Porifera<\/li>\n
- Identify the common characteristics of phylum Cnidaria<\/li>\n
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Lophotrochozoa<\/li>\n
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Ecdysozoa<\/li>\n
- Identify the common characteristics of superphylum Deuterostomia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12:\u00a0Vertebrates<\/h2>\n
Classify different types of vertebrates<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Identify the common characteristics of chordates<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of fishes<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of amphibians<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of amniotes<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of reptiles<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of birds<\/li>\n
- Identify characteristics of mammals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13:\u00a0Overview of Body Systems<\/h2>\n
Describe different body systems<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Discuss how different body systems interact with one another<\/li>\n
- Describe the nervous, endocrine, reproductive, and sensory systems<\/li>\n
- Describe the circulatory, immune, respiratory, and digestive systems<\/li>\n
- Describe the muscular, skeletal, and integumentary systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14:\u00a0The Nervous System<\/h2>\n
Describe the components and role of the nervous system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Identify the two primary parts of the nervous system and describe the function and structure of neurons and glial cells<\/li>\n
- Explain the way neurons communicate<\/li>\n
- Identify the components of the central nervous system<\/li>\n
- Identify the components of the peripheral nervous system<\/li>\n
- Describe the symptoms, potential causes, and treatment of several examples of nervous system disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15:\u00a0The Endocrine System<\/h2>\n
Describe the components and role of the endocrine system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Identify different types of hormones and explain the regulation of hormone production<\/li>\n
- Describe the two types of hormone receptors<\/li>\n
- Describe how hormones regulate body processes<\/li>\n
- Describe the role of different glands in the endocrine system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16:\u00a0The Reproductive System<\/h2>\n
Describe the components and role of the reproductive system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Describe advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction<\/li>\n
- Describe human male and female reproductive anatomies<\/li>\n
- Describe the roles of male and female reproductive hormones<\/li>\n
- Discuss internal and external methods of fertilization<\/li>\n
- Explain how the embryo forms from the zygote<\/li>\n
- Explain fetal development during the three trimesters of gestation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17:\u00a0Sensory Systems<\/h2>\n
Describe the components and role of the sensory system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Identify the general and special senses in humans<\/li>\n
- Describe how somatosensation, the sense of touch, works<\/li>\n
- Explain how taste and smell work together<\/li>\n
- Trace the path of sound through the auditory system to the site of transduction of sound<\/li>\n
- Trace the path of light through the eye to the point of the optic nerve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 18:\u00a0The Circulatory System<\/h2>\n
Describe the components and role of the circulatory system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Describe the organization of the vertebrate circulatory system<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and function of blood in the body<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure of the heart and explain how cardiac muscle is different from other muscles<\/li>\n
- Explain the structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries, and how blood flows through the body<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 19:\u00a0The Respiratory System<\/h2>\n
Describe the components and role of the respiratory system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Describe the passage of air from the outside environment to the lungs<\/li>\n
- Understand how gas pressure influences how gases move into and out of the body<\/li>\n
- Describe how the structures of the respiratory system control the mechanics of breathing<\/li>\n
- Explain how gases are transported in the body<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 20:\u00a0The Immune System<\/h2>\n
Describe the components and role of the immune system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Explain immediate and induced innate immune responses<\/li>\n
- Explain adaptive immunity<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and function of antibodies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 21:\u00a0The Digestive System<\/h2>\n
Describe the components and role of the digestive system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Compare and contrast different types of digestive systems<\/li>\n
- Explain how energy is produced through diet and digestion<\/li>\n
- Discuss the processes and regulations involved in digestion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 22:\u00a0The Excretory System<\/h2>\n
Describe the components and role of the excretory system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Explain why osmoregulation and osmotic balance are important body functions<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure of the kidneys and the functions of the parts of the kidney<\/li>\n
- Explain how different excretion systems function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 23:\u00a0The Musculoskeletal System<\/h2>\n
Describe the components and role of the musculoskeletal system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Discuss the different types of skeletal systems<\/li>\n
- Discuss the structure and function of bones<\/li>\n
- Classify the different types of joints on the basis of structure<\/li>\n
- Explain the role of muscles in locomotion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 24:\u00a0The Integumentary System<\/h2>\n
Describe the components and role of the integumentary system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Describe the layers of the skin and the functions of each layer<\/li>\n
- Identify the accessory structures of the skin<\/li>\n
- Describe the different functions of the skin<\/li>\n
- Identify different diseases, disorders, and injuries of the integumentary system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 25:\u00a0Ecology of Living Things<\/h2>\n
Define the scope and components of ecology<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Identify the scope of ecology<\/li>\n
- Distinguish between abiotic and biotic components of the environment<\/li>\n
- Identify different biomes of our world<\/li>\n
- Discuss the scope and study of population ecology<\/li>\n
- Discuss the scope and study of community ecology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 26:\u00a0Ecology and the Environment<\/h2>\n
Discuss the ecology as it relates to the environment<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Describe how organisms acquire energy<\/li>\n
- Discuss the biogeochemical cycles of water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur<\/li>\n
- Identify evidence of climate change<\/li>\n
- Explain why conservation biology and biodiversity are important<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Learning Outcomes. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Magnify. Authored by<\/strong>: Eucalyp. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/magnify\/1276779\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Magnify\",\"author\":\"Eucalyp\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/magnify\/1276779\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Learning Outcomes\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5433","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5428,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5433","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5433\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8783,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5433\/revisions\/8783"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5428"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5433\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5433"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5433"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5433"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- Learning Outcomes. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>