{"id":772,"date":"2018-02-12T23:56:09","date_gmt":"2018-02-12T23:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-businesscommunicationmgrs\/?post_type=chapter&p=772"},"modified":"2024-05-08T20:04:43","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T20:04:43","slug":"synthesizing-sources","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-businesscommunicationmgrs\/chapter\/synthesizing-sources\/","title":{"raw":"Synthesizing Sources","rendered":"Synthesizing Sources"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\nDescribe techniques to incorporate sources into your writing.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Using Your Sources<\/h2>\r\nThere are three methods for referencing a source in your own text: quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing.\r\n

Quoting<\/h3>\r\nDirect quotations are words and phrases that are taken directly from another source and then used word-for-word in your text. If you incorporate a direct quotation from another author's text, you must put that quotation or phrase in quotation marks to indicate that it is not your language.\r\n\r\nWhen writing direct quotations, you can use the source author\u2019s name in the same sentence as the quotation to introduce the quoted text and\u00a0to indicate the source in which you found the text. You should then include the page number or other relevant information in parentheses at the end of the phrase or use footnotes or end notes to cite the source. (The exact format will depend on the formatting style of your essay).\r\n

Paraphrasing<\/h3>\r\nWhen paraphrasing, you may put any part of a source (such as a phrase, sentence, paragraph, or chapter) into your own words.\r\n\r\nYou may find that the original source uses language that is more clear, concise, or specific than your own language, in which case you should use a direct quotation, putting quotation marks around those unique words or phrases you don\u2019t change. It is common to use a mixture of paraphrased text and quoted words or phrases, as long as the direct quotations are inside of quotation marks. You must still cite the source even if you rephrase their idea in your own words.\r\n

Summarizing<\/h3>\r\nSummarizing involves distilling the main idea of a source into a much shorter overview. A summary outlines a source\u2019s most important points and general position. When summarizing a source, it is still necessary to use a citation to give credit to the original author. You must reference the author or source in the appropriate citation at the end of the summary.\r\n

Integrating Material from Sources<\/h2>\r\nIncorporating sources into your writing uses a general pattern.\r\n