{"id":1370,"date":"2016-09-02T17:26:58","date_gmt":"2016-09-02T17:26:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-collegesuccess\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1370"},"modified":"2024-04-30T21:45:12","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T21:45:12","slug":"text-distractions-and-multitasking","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/chapter\/text-distractions-and-multitasking\/","title":{"raw":"Distractions and Multitasking","rendered":"Distractions and Multitasking"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Identify strategies for increasing your productivity during study time<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Distractions<\/h2>\r\nFew things are more frustrating than trying to do work while distractions are going on around you. If other people are continually interrupting you or there are things that keep pulling your attention from the task at hand, everything takes longer and you are more prone to mistakes.[footnote]McCoy, Bernard R. \"Digital Distractions in the Classroom Phase II: Student Classroom Use of Digital Devices for Non-Class Related Purposes.\" <em>Journal of Media Education<\/em>,\u00a0https:\/\/en.calameo.com\/read\/00009178915b8f5b352ba.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nMany people say they work better with distractions\u2014they prefer to leave the television or the radio on\u2014but the truth is that an environment with too many interruptions is rarely helpful when focus is required. Before deciding that the television or talkative roommates do not bother you when you work, take an honest accounting of the work you produce with interruptions compared to work you do without.\r\n\r\nIf you find that your work is better without distractions, it is a good idea to create an environment that reduces interruptions. This may mean you have to go to a private room, use headphones, or go somewhere like a library to work. Regardless, the importance of a <strong>distraction-free environment<\/strong> cannot be emphasized enough.\r\n<h2>Multitasking<\/h2>\r\n\u201cMultitasking\u201d\u2014doing several things at the same time\u2014has become a common word for describing what many of us\u00a0do every day in the modern world.\u00a0Our busy lifestyles and our ever-present devices\u00a0suggest that many of us have become multitasking experts.\u00a0But is <strong>multitasking<\/strong> real? Is it possible to do several things at the same time? Can we actually check Facebook, watch television, read a textbook, and write a paper at roughly the same time . . . <em>productively<\/em>?\r\n<h3>Switch Tasks = Lose Productivity<\/h3>\r\nEvidence suggests that\u00a0multitasking is not, in fact, possible. Psychology research shows that we can attend to only one cognitive task at a time.[footnote]\"The True Cost Of Multi-Tasking.\" <i>Psychology Today<\/i>,\u00a0https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/brain-wise\/201209\/the-true-cost-multi-tasking. Accessed 30 Mar. 2016.[\/footnote]\u00a0What we call multitasking is actually just switching back and forth between tasks quickly. This isn\u2019t necessarily a problem, but we lose time with each switch. The loss may only be one-tenth of a second, but the time\u00a0adds up. Think about your own experience.\r\n<h3>Busy Brains<\/h3>\r\nResearchers have found\u00a0that multitasking increases production of the stress hormone, cortisol, and the fight-or-flight hormone, adrenaline.[footnote]Levitin, Daniel J. \"Why the Modern World Is Bad for Your Brain.\" <i>The Guardian<\/i>, 2015,\u00a0https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2015\/jan\/18\/modern-world-bad-for-brain-daniel-j-levitin-organized-mind-information-overload. Accessed 30 Mar. 2016.[\/footnote] These hormone-level increases can cause the brain\u00a0to literally overheat, which leads to\u00a0foggy mental processing. So multitasking while studying for a final exam might not be a good idea.\r\n\r\nMultitasking also taxes the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain that integrates information. Your capacity for problem-solving decreases with the number of tasks you try to perform\u00a0at the same time.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>the multitasking myth<\/h3>\r\nCheck out this video for more information on multitasking.\r\n\r\n<iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tMiyzuO1qMs\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Personal Technology: Helping or Hindering Your Study Efforts<\/h2>\r\nThe perceived need to multitask is driven largely by the technology takeover of recent years. Smartphones, email, social networking, Instagram, and Twitter all make multitasking seem both necessary and possible. They all require switching in and out of a line of thinking. With these technologies, we face constant information overload and distraction.\r\n<h3>Becoming More Productive<\/h3>\r\nHow can we become more productive with our time and energy, given our tendency\u00a0to multitask? Consider these tips:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Try \u201cbatch processing\u201d: have set times during the day for checking and responding to emails.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use concentrated time: block off time for working on just one task. You may need to turn off your phone.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do what\u2019s most important first: make goals for the day and accomplish them. The sense of achievement can\u00a0help you resist\u00a0anxiety-driven multitasking.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h3>Other Strategies to Increase Your Productivity<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Create a to-do list everyday. This to-do list should include all the tasks that must be completed that day based on due dates. Your daily to-do list can also include components or segments or other long-term tasks that you need to accomplish during the semester. An example could be conducting research for a paper you need to write.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Don\u2019t wait to complete tasks that can be accomplished in a short period of time. When presented with a task that will only take a minute or two, you should complete it immediately to ensure your to-do list isn\u2019t cluttered with minor tasks.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Set a specific amount of time to work. This means you can work for 25 minutes and take a five-minute break or schedule a longer period of 90 minutes with a longer break. You can set the amount of time you work on a task based on the items on your to-do list each day. This process will keep you focused on the task knowing a break is scheduled soon.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">While it will seem counterintuitive, take breaks to keep yourself fresh and energized throughout the day.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/a8ae7995-53c9-45db-9407-69317271ea2f\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nWhat are your thoughts on multitasking? How does it affect your productivity? The following video, from the University of British Columbia, features students talking about multitasking. Does it exist? Is it effective? Listen in or view the <a href=\"http:\/\/learningcommons.ubc.ca\/students-talk-multitasking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">full discussion on multitasking by University of British Columbia<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=1291125&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=QStKeI9Bluc&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-uxpbim9o-QStKeI9Bluc\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\nYou can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/College+Success\/Transcripts\/UBCStudentsTalkMultitaskingDoesItWork_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \"UBC Students Talk: Multitasking\u2014Does It Work?\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>glossary<\/h3>\r\n<strong>distraction-free environment:<\/strong> the ideal work space whose features do not not interrupt our focused thinking or workflow, thus enabling maximum productivity\r\n\r\n<strong>multitasking:<\/strong> a popular term describing the ability to successfully execute multiple tasks simultaneously, a capability that is not realistic according to research\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Identify strategies for increasing your productivity during study time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Distractions<\/h2>\n<p>Few things are more frustrating than trying to do work while distractions are going on around you. If other people are continually interrupting you or there are things that keep pulling your attention from the task at hand, everything takes longer and you are more prone to mistakes.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"McCoy, Bernard R. &quot;Digital Distractions in the Classroom Phase II: Student Classroom Use of Digital Devices for Non-Class Related Purposes.&quot; Journal of Media Education,\u00a0https:\/\/en.calameo.com\/read\/00009178915b8f5b352ba.\" id=\"return-footnote-1370-1\" href=\"#footnote-1370-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Many people say they work better with distractions\u2014they prefer to leave the television or the radio on\u2014but the truth is that an environment with too many interruptions is rarely helpful when focus is required. Before deciding that the television or talkative roommates do not bother you when you work, take an honest accounting of the work you produce with interruptions compared to work you do without.<\/p>\n<p>If you find that your work is better without distractions, it is a good idea to create an environment that reduces interruptions. This may mean you have to go to a private room, use headphones, or go somewhere like a library to work. Regardless, the importance of a <strong>distraction-free environment<\/strong> cannot be emphasized enough.<\/p>\n<h2>Multitasking<\/h2>\n<p>\u201cMultitasking\u201d\u2014doing several things at the same time\u2014has become a common word for describing what many of us\u00a0do every day in the modern world.\u00a0Our busy lifestyles and our ever-present devices\u00a0suggest that many of us have become multitasking experts.\u00a0But is <strong>multitasking<\/strong> real? Is it possible to do several things at the same time? Can we actually check Facebook, watch television, read a textbook, and write a paper at roughly the same time . . . <em>productively<\/em>?<\/p>\n<h3>Switch Tasks = Lose Productivity<\/h3>\n<p>Evidence suggests that\u00a0multitasking is not, in fact, possible. Psychology research shows that we can attend to only one cognitive task at a time.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;The True Cost Of Multi-Tasking.&quot; Psychology Today,\u00a0https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/brain-wise\/201209\/the-true-cost-multi-tasking. Accessed 30 Mar. 2016.\" id=\"return-footnote-1370-2\" href=\"#footnote-1370-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0What we call multitasking is actually just switching back and forth between tasks quickly. This isn\u2019t necessarily a problem, but we lose time with each switch. The loss may only be one-tenth of a second, but the time\u00a0adds up. Think about your own experience.<\/p>\n<h3>Busy Brains<\/h3>\n<p>Researchers have found\u00a0that multitasking increases production of the stress hormone, cortisol, and the fight-or-flight hormone, adrenaline.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Levitin, Daniel J. &quot;Why the Modern World Is Bad for Your Brain.&quot; The Guardian, 2015,\u00a0https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2015\/jan\/18\/modern-world-bad-for-brain-daniel-j-levitin-organized-mind-information-overload. Accessed 30 Mar. 2016.\" id=\"return-footnote-1370-3\" href=\"#footnote-1370-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a> These hormone-level increases can cause the brain\u00a0to literally overheat, which leads to\u00a0foggy mental processing. So multitasking while studying for a final exam might not be a good idea.<\/p>\n<p>Multitasking also taxes the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain that integrates information. Your capacity for problem-solving decreases with the number of tasks you try to perform\u00a0at the same time.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>the multitasking myth<\/h3>\n<p>Check out this video for more information on multitasking.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tMiyzuO1qMs\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Personal Technology: Helping or Hindering Your Study Efforts<\/h2>\n<p>The perceived need to multitask is driven largely by the technology takeover of recent years. Smartphones, email, social networking, Instagram, and Twitter all make multitasking seem both necessary and possible. They all require switching in and out of a line of thinking. With these technologies, we face constant information overload and distraction.<\/p>\n<h3>Becoming More Productive<\/h3>\n<p>How can we become more productive with our time and energy, given our tendency\u00a0to multitask? Consider these tips:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Try \u201cbatch processing\u201d: have set times during the day for checking and responding to emails.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use concentrated time: block off time for working on just one task. You may need to turn off your phone.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do what\u2019s most important first: make goals for the day and accomplish them. The sense of achievement can\u00a0help you resist\u00a0anxiety-driven multitasking.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Other Strategies to Increase Your Productivity<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Create a to-do list everyday. This to-do list should include all the tasks that must be completed that day based on due dates. Your daily to-do list can also include components or segments or other long-term tasks that you need to accomplish during the semester. An example could be conducting research for a paper you need to write.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Don\u2019t wait to complete tasks that can be accomplished in a short period of time. When presented with a task that will only take a minute or two, you should complete it immediately to ensure your to-do list isn\u2019t cluttered with minor tasks.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Set a specific amount of time to work. This means you can work for 25 minutes and take a five-minute break or schedule a longer period of 90 minutes with a longer break. You can set the amount of time you work on a task based on the items on your to-do list each day. This process will keep you focused on the task knowing a break is scheduled soon.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">While it will seem counterintuitive, take breaks to keep yourself fresh and energized throughout the day.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_a8ae7995-53c9-45db-9407-69317271ea2f\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/a8ae7995-53c9-45db-9407-69317271ea2f?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_a8ae7995-53c9-45db-9407-69317271ea2f\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>What are your thoughts on multitasking? How does it affect your productivity? The following video, from the University of British Columbia, features students talking about multitasking. Does it exist? Is it effective? Listen in or view the <a href=\"http:\/\/learningcommons.ubc.ca\/students-talk-multitasking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">full discussion on multitasking by University of British Columbia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=1291125&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=QStKeI9Bluc&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-uxpbim9o-QStKeI9Bluc\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/College+Success\/Transcripts\/UBCStudentsTalkMultitaskingDoesItWork_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for &#8220;UBC Students Talk: Multitasking\u2014Does It Work?&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>glossary<\/h3>\n<p><strong>distraction-free environment:<\/strong> the ideal work space whose features do not not interrupt our focused thinking or workflow, thus enabling maximum productivity<\/p>\n<p><strong>multitasking:<\/strong> a popular term describing the ability to successfully execute multiple tasks simultaneously, a capability that is not realistic according to research<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1370\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>College Success. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Linda Bruce. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>College Success. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Michael LaMagna. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Students Talk: Multitasking. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: JWang. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: UBC Learning Commons. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/learningcommons.ubc.ca\/students-talk-multitasking\/\">http:\/\/learningcommons.ubc.ca\/students-talk-multitasking\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>UBC Students Talk: Multitasking - Does It Work?. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: UBC LEAP. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/QStKeI9Bluc\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/QStKeI9Bluc<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>College Success. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Amy Baldwin. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax; Modified by Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/college-success\/pages\/3-5-prioritization-self-management-of-what-you-do-and-when-you-do-it\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/college-success\/pages\/3-5-prioritization-self-management-of-what-you-do-and-when-you-do-it<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>What multitaking does to your brain. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: BBC Ideas. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tMiyzuO1qMs\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tMiyzuO1qMs<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-1370-1\">McCoy, Bernard R. \"Digital Distractions in the Classroom Phase II: Student Classroom Use of Digital Devices for Non-Class Related Purposes.\" <em>Journal of Media Education<\/em>,\u00a0https:\/\/en.calameo.com\/read\/00009178915b8f5b352ba. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1370-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1370-2\">\"The True Cost Of Multi-Tasking.\" <i>Psychology Today<\/i>,\u00a0https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/brain-wise\/201209\/the-true-cost-multi-tasking. Accessed 30 Mar. 2016. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1370-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1370-3\">Levitin, Daniel J. \"Why the Modern World Is Bad for Your Brain.\" <i>The Guardian<\/i>, 2015,\u00a0https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2015\/jan\/18\/modern-world-bad-for-brain-daniel-j-levitin-organized-mind-information-overload. Accessed 30 Mar. 2016. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1370-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":19,"menu_order":10,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"College Success\",\"author\":\"Linda Bruce\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Students Talk: Multitasking\",\"author\":\"JWang\",\"organization\":\"UBC Learning Commons\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/learningcommons.ubc.ca\/students-talk-multitasking\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"UBC Students Talk: Multitasking - Does It Work?\",\"author\":\"UBC LEAP\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/QStKeI9Bluc\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"College Success\",\"author\":\"Amy Baldwin\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax; Modified by Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/college-success\/pages\/3-5-prioritization-self-management-of-what-you-do-and-when-you-do-it\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"What multitaking does to your brain\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"BBC Ideas\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tMiyzuO1qMs\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"College Success\",\"author\":\"Michael LaMagna\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"59683601-c8c2-4452-b09c-24238424b64d, 84d6d495-fc2a-4b91-a323-137d17d7d685","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1370","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":19,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1370\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7499,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1370\/revisions\/7499"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/19"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1370\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1370"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1370"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}