{"id":1418,"date":"2016-09-02T20:31:17","date_gmt":"2016-09-02T20:31:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-collegesuccess\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1418"},"modified":"2024-04-30T22:46:05","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T22:46:05","slug":"text-the-marriage-of-college-and-career","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/chapter\/text-the-marriage-of-college-and-career\/","title":{"raw":"The Value of College","rendered":"The Value of College"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examine the value, both financial and otherwise, of a college education<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1422\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/605\/2016\/09\/02202956\/2055569616_a87bcbf806_o.jpg\" alt=\"Harvard campus with green lawns, trees, and brick buildings\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" \/>\r\n<h2>What Is the Purpose of Higher Education?<\/h2>\r\nThe oldest institution of higher learning in the United States is widely acknowledged to be Harvard University. It was established in 1636 with the aim of providing instruction in arts and sciences to qualify students for employment. In the 1779 Constitution of Massachusetts, submitted by Samuel Adams, John Adams, and James Bowdoin to the full Massachusetts Convention, the following language was used:\r\n<blockquote>Art. I.\u2014Whereas our wise and pious ancestors, so early as the year one thousand six hundred and thirty six, laid the foundation of Harvard-College, in which University many persons of great eminence have, by the blessing of GOD, been initiated in those arts and sciences, which qualified them for public employments, both in Church and State.<\/blockquote>\r\nIs \u201cpublic employment\u201d preparation still the goal of higher education institutions today? Indeed, it is certainly one of the many goals! College is also an opportunity for students to grow personally and intellectually. In fact, in a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, Americans were split on their perceptions of the main purpose of a college education:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">47 percent of those surveyed said the purpose of college is to teach work-related skills.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">39 percent said it is to help a student grow personally and intellectually.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">12 percent said the time spent at college should be dedicated to both pursuits\u2014teaching work-related skills and helping students grow personally and intellectually.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThese statistics are understandable in light of the great reach and scope of higher education institutions. Today, there are some 5,300 colleges and universities in the United States, offering every manner of education and training to students.\r\n<h2>What Value Can Higher Education Bring to You?<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Broaden Your Perspective and Thinking<\/h3>\r\nThe books you read and classes you take while in college will not only help you learn new information, but they will help you think in a different way. Whatever major you choose, you\u2019ll find yourself having new intellectual experiences and approaching learning in new ways. This broadened perspective is something you\u2019ll be able to take with you wherever you go in life.\r\n<h3>Open Your Mind to Possibilities<\/h3>\r\nProfessional opportunities are evolving every day. You may already have an idea of what you\u2019re going to school for before you even sign up for your first class, but while you\u2019re earning your degree, you\u2019ll learn more and more about the different professional opportunities available to you. You might learn more about different career paths through your schools career center, or through your peers who are likely to all have different experiences than you do. Take advantage of your time in school to really open your mind to the possibilities in the work world.\r\n<h3>Widen Your Social Network<\/h3>\r\nGoing to school may bring you in contact with people from all over the country and the globe. Whether your peers are from halfway across the world, or if they went to the same high school as you did, you have the chance to broaden your social network by meeting and spending time with your peers while you\u2019re pursuing your degree. Take time to really enjoy this opportunity, and remember, your social network can really help you in developing your career.\r\n<h3>Learn Essential Skills<\/h3>\r\nWhether you're learning skills specific to your intended field of work or broader skills that can be applied widely to many areas of your life, you will acquire a wealth of skills in college as you work towards your degree.\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/2f1b70c7-94a2-47f9-93a2-e302645c262d\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Employers Value Higher Education<\/h2>\r\nWhat do employers think about the value of a college education? What skills do employers seek in their workforce? In 2014, Hart Research Associates conducted a survey on behalf of the Association of American Colleges and Universities. The survey revealed that the majority of employers believe that having field-specific knowledge as well as a broad range of knowledge and skills is important for recent college graduates to achieve long-term career success.\r\n\r\nEmployers also said that when they hire, they place the greatest value on skills and knowledge that cut across all majors. The learning outcomes they rate as most important include written and oral communication skills, teamwork skills, ethical decision-making, critical thinking, and the ability to apply knowledge in real-world settings.[footnote]\"Falling Short? College Learning and Career Success.\" Hart Research Associates, 20 Jan. 2015, https:\/\/www.aacu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/LEAP\/2015employerstudentsurvey.pdf. Accessed 31 Mar. 2016.[\/footnote]\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>is college worth it?<\/h3>\r\nThere are many different ways to think about the value a college education can bring to your life. Check out this video of John Green's perspective on the topic.\r\n<iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/t_N7MAr98CI\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Employment Rates and Salary Prospects<\/h2>\r\nLet's consider the following statistics on employment rates and salaries for college graduates. College does make a big difference!\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>In<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a02020, adults ages twenty-five to thirty-four\u00a0with a bachelor\u2019s degree or higher had a higher employment rate (eighty-six percent) than young adults with just some college (seventy-eight percent). [footnote]\"Employment and Unemployment Rates by Educational Attainment.\"\u00a0<em>National Center for Education Statistics<\/em>, May 2021,<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/<wbr \/>programs\/coe\/indicator\/cbc.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The employment rate for young adults with just some college (seventy-eight\u00a0percent) was higher than the rate for those who had completed high school\u00a0(sixty-nine percent).[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The employment rate for those who completed high school\u00a0(sixty-nine percent)\u00a0was higher than the employment rate for young adults who had not finished high school\u00a0(fifty-seven percent).[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Employment rates were generally higher for males than females at each level of educational attainment in\u00a02020. [footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Over the course of a forty-year working life, the typical college graduate earns an estimated $550,000 more than the typical high school graduate. [footnote]Cohn, D'Vera. \"Lifetime Earnings of College Graduates.\"\u00a0<em>Pew Research Center<\/em>, 16 May 2011,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">https:\/\/www.pewresearch.<wbr \/>org\/social-trends\/2011\/05\/16\/<wbr \/>lifetime-earnings-of-college-<wbr \/>graduates\/.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The median gap in annual earnings between a high school and college graduate as reported by the US Census Bureau in 2010 is $19,550.[footnote]\"Is College Worth It?\" <i>Pew Research Centers Social Demographic Trends Project RSS<\/i>,\u00a02011, https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/social-trends\/2011\/05\/15\/is-college-worth-it\/. Accessed 31 Mar. 2016.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-142 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/01\/02024921\/ep_chart_001.gif\" alt=\"Chart: Earnings and unemployment rates by educational attainment. The middle shows a range of degree levels, highest to lowest. On the left, in red, the unemployment rate in 2014 (%) is shown in a bar graph; on the right, in green, Median weekly earnings in 2014 ($) is shown. From top down: Doctoral degree: 2.1% unemployment, $1591 earnings. Professional degree: 1.9%, $1639. Master's degree: 2.8%, $1326. Bachelor's degree: 3.5%, $1101. Associate's degree: 4.5%, $792. Some college, no degree: 6.0%, 741. High school diploma: 6.0%, $668. Less than a high school diploma: 9%, $488. All workers: 5% unemployment, $839 median weekly earnings. Note: data are for persons age 25 and over. Earnings are for full-time wage and salary workers. Source: Current Population Survey, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor.\" width=\"720\" height=\"399\" \/>\r\n<h2>Differences in Earnings between States<\/h2>\r\nYou may wish to use this <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/bizjournals\/on-numbers\/scott-thomas\/2012\/12\/grads-earn-85-more-than-those-without.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earnings and Educational Attainment (2011)<\/a> interactive table to see how earnings for college graduates versus high school\u2013only graduates in your state compare with those in other states.\r\n\r\nAll in all, college imparts a wide and deep range\u00a0of benefits. The\u00a0short video <em>Why College,<\/em> below, shows\u00a0that with a college degree you are more likely to\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>have a higher salary.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>have and keep a job.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>get a pension plan.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>be satisfied with your job.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>feel your job is important.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>have health insurance.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-N6nru0nThg\r\n\r\nNote that the video has no narration. You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/College+Success\/Transcripts\/WhyCollege_Transcript.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \"Why College?\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examine the value, both financial and otherwise, of a college education<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1422\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/605\/2016\/09\/02202956\/2055569616_a87bcbf806_o.jpg\" alt=\"Harvard campus with green lawns, trees, and brick buildings\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>What Is the Purpose of Higher Education?<\/h2>\n<p>The oldest institution of higher learning in the United States is widely acknowledged to be Harvard University. It was established in 1636 with the aim of providing instruction in arts and sciences to qualify students for employment. In the 1779 Constitution of Massachusetts, submitted by Samuel Adams, John Adams, and James Bowdoin to the full Massachusetts Convention, the following language was used:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Art. I.\u2014Whereas our wise and pious ancestors, so early as the year one thousand six hundred and thirty six, laid the foundation of Harvard-College, in which University many persons of great eminence have, by the blessing of GOD, been initiated in those arts and sciences, which qualified them for public employments, both in Church and State.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Is \u201cpublic employment\u201d preparation still the goal of higher education institutions today? Indeed, it is certainly one of the many goals! College is also an opportunity for students to grow personally and intellectually. In fact, in a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, Americans were split on their perceptions of the main purpose of a college education:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">47 percent of those surveyed said the purpose of college is to teach work-related skills.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">39 percent said it is to help a student grow personally and intellectually.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">12 percent said the time spent at college should be dedicated to both pursuits\u2014teaching work-related skills and helping students grow personally and intellectually.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These statistics are understandable in light of the great reach and scope of higher education institutions. Today, there are some 5,300 colleges and universities in the United States, offering every manner of education and training to students.<\/p>\n<h2>What Value Can Higher Education Bring to You?<\/h2>\n<h3>Broaden Your Perspective and Thinking<\/h3>\n<p>The books you read and classes you take while in college will not only help you learn new information, but they will help you think in a different way. Whatever major you choose, you\u2019ll find yourself having new intellectual experiences and approaching learning in new ways. This broadened perspective is something you\u2019ll be able to take with you wherever you go in life.<\/p>\n<h3>Open Your Mind to Possibilities<\/h3>\n<p>Professional opportunities are evolving every day. You may already have an idea of what you\u2019re going to school for before you even sign up for your first class, but while you\u2019re earning your degree, you\u2019ll learn more and more about the different professional opportunities available to you. You might learn more about different career paths through your schools career center, or through your peers who are likely to all have different experiences than you do. Take advantage of your time in school to really open your mind to the possibilities in the work world.<\/p>\n<h3>Widen Your Social Network<\/h3>\n<p>Going to school may bring you in contact with people from all over the country and the globe. Whether your peers are from halfway across the world, or if they went to the same high school as you did, you have the chance to broaden your social network by meeting and spending time with your peers while you\u2019re pursuing your degree. Take time to really enjoy this opportunity, and remember, your social network can really help you in developing your career.<\/p>\n<h3>Learn Essential Skills<\/h3>\n<p>Whether you&#8217;re learning skills specific to your intended field of work or broader skills that can be applied widely to many areas of your life, you will acquire a wealth of skills in college as you work towards your degree.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_2f1b70c7-94a2-47f9-93a2-e302645c262d\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/2f1b70c7-94a2-47f9-93a2-e302645c262d?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_2f1b70c7-94a2-47f9-93a2-e302645c262d\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Employers Value Higher Education<\/h2>\n<p>What do employers think about the value of a college education? What skills do employers seek in their workforce? In 2014, Hart Research Associates conducted a survey on behalf of the Association of American Colleges and Universities. The survey revealed that the majority of employers believe that having field-specific knowledge as well as a broad range of knowledge and skills is important for recent college graduates to achieve long-term career success.<\/p>\n<p>Employers also said that when they hire, they place the greatest value on skills and knowledge that cut across all majors. The learning outcomes they rate as most important include written and oral communication skills, teamwork skills, ethical decision-making, critical thinking, and the ability to apply knowledge in real-world settings.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Falling Short? College Learning and Career Success.&quot; Hart Research Associates, 20 Jan. 2015, https:\/\/www.aacu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/LEAP\/2015employerstudentsurvey.pdf. Accessed 31 Mar. 2016.\" id=\"return-footnote-1418-1\" href=\"#footnote-1418-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>is college worth it?<\/h3>\n<p>There are many different ways to think about the value a college education can bring to your life. Check out this video of John Green&#8217;s perspective on the topic.<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/t_N7MAr98CI\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Employment Rates and Salary Prospects<\/h2>\n<p>Let&#8217;s consider the following statistics on employment rates and salaries for college graduates. College does make a big difference!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a02020, adults ages twenty-five to thirty-four\u00a0with a bachelor\u2019s degree or higher had a higher employment rate (eighty-six percent) than young adults with just some college (seventy-eight percent). <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Employment and Unemployment Rates by Educational Attainment.&quot;\u00a0National Center for Education Statistics, May 2021,\u00a0https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/programs\/coe\/indicator\/cbc.\" id=\"return-footnote-1418-2\" href=\"#footnote-1418-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The employment rate for young adults with just some college (seventy-eight\u00a0percent) was higher than the rate for those who had completed high school\u00a0(sixty-nine percent).<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Ibid.\" id=\"return-footnote-1418-3\" href=\"#footnote-1418-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The employment rate for those who completed high school\u00a0(sixty-nine percent)\u00a0was higher than the employment rate for young adults who had not finished high school\u00a0(fifty-seven percent).<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Ibid.\" id=\"return-footnote-1418-4\" href=\"#footnote-1418-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Employment rates were generally higher for males than females at each level of educational attainment in\u00a02020. <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Ibid.\" id=\"return-footnote-1418-5\" href=\"#footnote-1418-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Over the course of a forty-year working life, the typical college graduate earns an estimated $550,000 more than the typical high school graduate. <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Cohn, D'Vera. &quot;Lifetime Earnings of College Graduates.&quot;\u00a0Pew Research Center, 16 May 2011,\u00a0https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/social-trends\/2011\/05\/16\/lifetime-earnings-of-college-graduates\/.\" id=\"return-footnote-1418-6\" href=\"#footnote-1418-6\" aria-label=\"Footnote 6\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The median gap in annual earnings between a high school and college graduate as reported by the US Census Bureau in 2010 is $19,550.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Is College Worth It?&quot; Pew Research Centers Social Demographic Trends Project RSS,\u00a02011, https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/social-trends\/2011\/05\/15\/is-college-worth-it\/. Accessed 31 Mar. 2016.\" id=\"return-footnote-1418-7\" href=\"#footnote-1418-7\" aria-label=\"Footnote 7\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-142 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/01\/02024921\/ep_chart_001.gif\" alt=\"Chart: Earnings and unemployment rates by educational attainment. The middle shows a range of degree levels, highest to lowest. On the left, in red, the unemployment rate in 2014 (%) is shown in a bar graph; on the right, in green, Median weekly earnings in 2014 ($) is shown. From top down: Doctoral degree: 2.1% unemployment, $1591 earnings. Professional degree: 1.9%, $1639. Master's degree: 2.8%, $1326. Bachelor's degree: 3.5%, $1101. Associate's degree: 4.5%, $792. Some college, no degree: 6.0%, 741. High school diploma: 6.0%, $668. Less than a high school diploma: 9%, $488. All workers: 5% unemployment, $839 median weekly earnings. Note: data are for persons age 25 and over. Earnings are for full-time wage and salary workers. Source: Current Population Survey, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor.\" width=\"720\" height=\"399\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Differences in Earnings between States<\/h2>\n<p>You may wish to use this <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/bizjournals\/on-numbers\/scott-thomas\/2012\/12\/grads-earn-85-more-than-those-without.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earnings and Educational Attainment (2011)<\/a> interactive table to see how earnings for college graduates versus high school\u2013only graduates in your state compare with those in other states.<\/p>\n<p>All in all, college imparts a wide and deep range\u00a0of benefits. The\u00a0short video <em>Why College,<\/em> below, shows\u00a0that with a college degree you are more likely to<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>have a higher salary.<\/li>\n<li>have and keep a job.<\/li>\n<li>get a pension plan.<\/li>\n<li>be satisfied with your job.<\/li>\n<li>feel your job is important.<\/li>\n<li>have health insurance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Why College?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-N6nru0nThg?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Note that the video has no narration. You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/College+Success\/Transcripts\/WhyCollege_Transcript.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for &#8220;Why College?&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1418\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>College Success. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Linda Bruce. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>College Success. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>First University in the United States. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_university_in_the_United_States\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_university_in_the_United_States<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of Harvard. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: nance coleman. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/48Dkes\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/48Dkes<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Why College?. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: OregonGEARUP. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/-N6nru0nThg\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/-N6nru0nThg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>Is College Worth It?. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: vlogbrothers: John Green. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t_N7MAr98CI\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t_N7MAr98CI<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">Public domain content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Chart of Earnings and Unemployment. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Bureau of Labor Statistics. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/ep_chart_001.htm\">http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/ep_chart_001.htm<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/pdm\">Public Domain: No Known Copyright<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-1418-1\">\"Falling Short? College Learning and Career Success.\" Hart Research Associates, 20 Jan. 2015, https:\/\/www.aacu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/LEAP\/2015employerstudentsurvey.pdf. Accessed 31 Mar. 2016. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1418-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1418-2\">\"Employment and Unemployment Rates by Educational Attainment.\"\u00a0<em>National Center for Education Statistics<\/em>, May 2021,<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/<wbr \/>programs\/coe\/indicator\/cbc. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1418-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1418-3\">Ibid. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1418-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1418-4\">Ibid. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1418-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1418-5\">Ibid. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1418-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1418-6\">Cohn, D'Vera. \"Lifetime Earnings of College Graduates.\"\u00a0<em>Pew Research Center<\/em>, 16 May 2011,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">https:\/\/www.pewresearch.<wbr \/>org\/social-trends\/2011\/05\/16\/<wbr \/>lifetime-earnings-of-college-<wbr \/>graduates\/. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1418-6\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 6\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1418-7\">\"Is College Worth It?\" <i>Pew Research Centers Social Demographic Trends Project RSS<\/i>,\u00a02011, https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/social-trends\/2011\/05\/15\/is-college-worth-it\/. Accessed 31 Mar. 2016. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1418-7\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 7\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":19,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"College Success\",\"author\":\"Linda Bruce\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"First University in the United States\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_university_in_the_United_States\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"pd\",\"description\":\"Chart of Earnings and Unemployment\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Bureau of Labor Statistics\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/ep_chart_001.htm\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"pd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Why College?\",\"author\":\"OregonGEARUP\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/-N6nru0nThg\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of Harvard\",\"author\":\"nance coleman\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/48Dkes\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-nd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Is College Worth It?\",\"author\":\"vlogbrothers: John Green\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t_N7MAr98CI\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"College Success\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"014dfddb-9a20-4490-8de9-9a289081578a, ff8dac8b-8441-4a24-9dcd-e373d50d66a4","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1418","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":58,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1418\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7515,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1418\/revisions\/7515"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/58"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1418\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1418"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1418"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}