{"id":1730,"date":"2016-09-09T20:10:32","date_gmt":"2016-09-09T20:10:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-collegesuccess\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1730"},"modified":"2024-05-01T18:32:42","modified_gmt":"2024-05-01T18:32:42","slug":"text-how-to-read-for-college","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/chapter\/text-how-to-read-for-college\/","title":{"raw":"How to Read for College","rendered":"How to Read for College"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify effective reading strategies for academic texts: previewing, reading, summarizing, and reviewing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify strategies for approaching specialized texts, such as math, and specialized platforms, such as online text<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img class=\"wp-image-601 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/26221704\/6230570555_c21a9afebd_z.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a man lying on the ground, against a tree, holding a book and a pencil in hand\" width=\"350\" height=\"221\" \/>Active learning and effective reading requires more engagement\u00a0than just reading the words on the\u00a0page. If you want to learn and retain\u00a0what you read, it's a good idea to\u00a0do things\u00a0like circling key words, writing notes, and reflecting on what you are learning. Actively reading academic texts can be challenging for students who are used to reading for entertainment alone, but practicing\u00a0the following steps will get you up to speed:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Preview<\/strong>: You can gain insight from\u00a0an academic text before you even begin\u00a0the reading assignment. For example, if you are assigned a nonfiction book, read the title, the back of the book, and the table of contents. Previewing this information can give you an initial idea of what you'll be reading and some useful context for thinking about it.\u00a0You can also start to make connections between the new reading and knowledge you already have when you preview a text.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Read<\/strong>: While you read an academic text, you should have a pen or pencil\u00a0in hand. Circle or highlight key concepts. Write questions or comments in the margins or take notes in a notebook. This strategy will help you remember what you are reading and also build a personal connection with the subject matter.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Summarize<\/strong>: After you read an academic text, it's worth taking the time to write a short summary\u2014even if your instructor doesn't require it. The exercise of jotting down a few sentences or writing a short paragraph capturing the reading's main ideas is enormously beneficial. Summarizing not only helps you understand and absorb what you read, but also gives you ready study materials for exams and other assignments.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Review<\/strong>: It helps to revisit what you've read for a quick refresher. It may not be practical to thoroughly reread assignments from start to finish, but before class discussions or tests, it's a good idea to skim through them to identify the main points, reread any notes at the ends of chapters, and review any summaries you've written.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/277bb2be-c46f-4913-8920-1bd055b946c8\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe following video covers\u00a0additional active reading strategies readers can use\u00a0before, during, and after the reading process.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=1291209&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=faZF9x4A2Vs&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-28qwgf4n-faZF9x4A2Vs\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\nYou can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/College+Success\/Transcripts\/CollegeReadingStrategies_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \"College Reading Strategies\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n<h2>Reading Strategies for Specialized Texts and Online Resources<\/h2>\r\nIn college, it's not uncommon to experience frustration with reading assignments from time to time. Because you're doing more reading on your own outside the classroom, and with less frequent contact with instructors than you had\u00a0in high school, it's possible you'll encounter readings that contain unfamiliar vocabulary or don't readily make sense. Different disciplines and subjects have different\u00a0writing conventions and styles, and it can take some practice to get to know them. For example, scientific articles follow\u00a0a very particular format and typically\u00a0contain the following sections: an abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussions. If you are used to reading\u00a0literary works, such as graphic novels or poetry, it can be disorienting to encounter these new forms of writing.\r\n\r\nBelow are some strategies for making different kinds of texts more approachable.\r\n<h3>Get to Know the\u00a0Conventions<\/h3>\r\nAcademic texts, like scientific studies and journal articles, may\u00a0have sections that are\u00a0new to you. If you're not sure what an abstract is, research online or ask your instructor. Understanding the meaning and purpose of such conventions is not only helpful for reading comprehension but for writing, too.\r\n<h3>Look Up and Keep Track of Unfamiliar Terms and Phrases<\/h3>\r\nHave a good\u00a0college\u00a0dictionary such as Merriam-Webster handy (or find\u00a0it\u00a0online) when you read complex academic texts so you can look up the meaning of unfamiliar\u00a0words and terms. Many textbooks also contain glossaries or a \"key terms\" sections at the end of chapters or the end of the book. If you can't find the words you're looking for in a standard\u00a0dictionary, you may need one specially written for a particular discipline. For example, a medical dictionary would be a good resource for a course in anatomy and physiology.\r\n\r\nIf you circle or underline terms and phrases that appear repeatedly, you'll have a visual reminder\u00a0to review and learn them. Repetition helps to lock in these new words and their meanings get them into\u00a0long-term memory, so the more you review them, the more you'll understand and feel comfortable using them.\r\n<h3>Look for Main Ideas and Themes<\/h3>\r\nAs a college student, you are not expected to understand every single word or idea presented in a reading, especially if you haven't discussed it in class yet. However, you will get more out of discussions and feel more confident about asking questions if you can identify the main idea or thesis in a reading. The thesis statement can often (but not always) be found in the introductory paragraph, and it may\u00a0be introduced with a phrase like \"In this essay I argue that . . . .\" Getting a handle on\u00a0the overall reason an author wrote something (\"to prove X\" or \"to explore Y,\" for instance) gives you a framework for understanding more of the details. It's also useful to keep track of any\u00a0themes you notice in the writing. A theme may\u00a0be a recurring idea, word, or image that strikes you as interesting or important: \"This story is about men working in a gloomy\u00a0factory, but the author keeps mentioning birds and bats and windows. Why is that?\"\r\n<h3>Get the Most of Online Reading<\/h3>\r\nReading online texts presents unique challenges for some students. For one thing, you can't readily\u00a0circle or underline key terms or passages on the screen with a pencil. For another, there can be many tempting distractions\u2014just a quick visit to amazon.com or Facebook.\r\n\r\nWhile there's no substitute for old-fashioned self-discipline, you can take advantage of the following tips to make online reading more efficient and effective:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Where possible, download the reading so you can read it offline.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Get an app that allows you to disable your social media sites for specified periods of time.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Adjust your screen to avoid glare and eye strain, and change the text font to be less distracting.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Look for Reputable Online Sources<\/h3>\r\nProfessors\u00a0tend to assign reading from reputable\u00a0print and online sources, so you\u00a0can feel comfortable referencing such sources\u00a0in class and for writing assignments. If you are looking for online sources independently, however,\u00a0devote some time and energy to critically evaluating the quality of the source before spending\u00a0time reading any resources you find there. Find out what you can about the author (if one is listed), the website, and any affiliated sponsors it may have. Check that the information is current and accurate against similar information on other pages.\r\n\r\nDepending on what you are researching, sites that end in \".edu\" (indicating an education site such as a college, university, or other academic institution) tend to be more reliable than \".com\" sites, but not always. Be sure to always check where your information comes from before you cite the source.\r\n<h3>Pay Attention to Visual Information<\/h3>\r\nImages in textbooks or journals usually contain valuable information to help you more deeply grasp a topic. Graphs and charts, for instance, help show the relationship between different kinds of information or data\u2014how a population changes over time, how a virus spreads through a population, etc.\r\n\r\nData-rich graphics can take longer to read than the text around them because they present a lot of information in a condensed form. Give yourself plenty of time to study these items as they often provide new and lasting insights that are easy to recall later (like in the middle of an exam on that topic).\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/a16c169f-a777-400e-a0e4-99fb3cb5165d\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>glossary<\/h3>\r\n<strong>preview:<\/strong> getting a first impression of a text by reading the title, back cover, and table of contents\r\n\r\n<strong>read:<\/strong> in an academic context, best done with a pen in hand so you can actively engage with the text, highlighting, circling key terms, and annotating as you go\r\n\r\n<strong>review:<\/strong> revisiting the reading to refresh your memory, especially before a class discussion, exam, or other activity keyed to the material\r\n\r\n<strong>summarize:<\/strong> writing up a condensed overview of the material that can help you process the material and provide you a quick reference for studying\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify effective reading strategies for academic texts: previewing, reading, summarizing, and reviewing<\/li>\n<li>Identify strategies for approaching specialized texts, such as math, and specialized platforms, such as online text<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-601 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/26221704\/6230570555_c21a9afebd_z.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a man lying on the ground, against a tree, holding a book and a pencil in hand\" width=\"350\" height=\"221\" \/>Active learning and effective reading requires more engagement\u00a0than just reading the words on the\u00a0page. If you want to learn and retain\u00a0what you read, it&#8217;s a good idea to\u00a0do things\u00a0like circling key words, writing notes, and reflecting on what you are learning. Actively reading academic texts can be challenging for students who are used to reading for entertainment alone, but practicing\u00a0the following steps will get you up to speed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Preview<\/strong>: You can gain insight from\u00a0an academic text before you even begin\u00a0the reading assignment. For example, if you are assigned a nonfiction book, read the title, the back of the book, and the table of contents. Previewing this information can give you an initial idea of what you&#8217;ll be reading and some useful context for thinking about it.\u00a0You can also start to make connections between the new reading and knowledge you already have when you preview a text.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Read<\/strong>: While you read an academic text, you should have a pen or pencil\u00a0in hand. Circle or highlight key concepts. Write questions or comments in the margins or take notes in a notebook. This strategy will help you remember what you are reading and also build a personal connection with the subject matter.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Summarize<\/strong>: After you read an academic text, it&#8217;s worth taking the time to write a short summary\u2014even if your instructor doesn&#8217;t require it. The exercise of jotting down a few sentences or writing a short paragraph capturing the reading&#8217;s main ideas is enormously beneficial. Summarizing not only helps you understand and absorb what you read, but also gives you ready study materials for exams and other assignments.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Review<\/strong>: It helps to revisit what you&#8217;ve read for a quick refresher. It may not be practical to thoroughly reread assignments from start to finish, but before class discussions or tests, it&#8217;s a good idea to skim through them to identify the main points, reread any notes at the ends of chapters, and review any summaries you&#8217;ve written.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_277bb2be-c46f-4913-8920-1bd055b946c8\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/277bb2be-c46f-4913-8920-1bd055b946c8?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_277bb2be-c46f-4913-8920-1bd055b946c8\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The following video covers\u00a0additional active reading strategies readers can use\u00a0before, during, and after the reading process.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=1291209&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=faZF9x4A2Vs&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-28qwgf4n-faZF9x4A2Vs\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/College+Success\/Transcripts\/CollegeReadingStrategies_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for &#8220;College Reading Strategies&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Reading Strategies for Specialized Texts and Online Resources<\/h2>\n<p>In college, it&#8217;s not uncommon to experience frustration with reading assignments from time to time. Because you&#8217;re doing more reading on your own outside the classroom, and with less frequent contact with instructors than you had\u00a0in high school, it&#8217;s possible you&#8217;ll encounter readings that contain unfamiliar vocabulary or don&#8217;t readily make sense. Different disciplines and subjects have different\u00a0writing conventions and styles, and it can take some practice to get to know them. For example, scientific articles follow\u00a0a very particular format and typically\u00a0contain the following sections: an abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussions. If you are used to reading\u00a0literary works, such as graphic novels or poetry, it can be disorienting to encounter these new forms of writing.<\/p>\n<p>Below are some strategies for making different kinds of texts more approachable.<\/p>\n<h3>Get to Know the\u00a0Conventions<\/h3>\n<p>Academic texts, like scientific studies and journal articles, may\u00a0have sections that are\u00a0new to you. If you&#8217;re not sure what an abstract is, research online or ask your instructor. Understanding the meaning and purpose of such conventions is not only helpful for reading comprehension but for writing, too.<\/p>\n<h3>Look Up and Keep Track of Unfamiliar Terms and Phrases<\/h3>\n<p>Have a good\u00a0college\u00a0dictionary such as Merriam-Webster handy (or find\u00a0it\u00a0online) when you read complex academic texts so you can look up the meaning of unfamiliar\u00a0words and terms. Many textbooks also contain glossaries or a &#8220;key terms&#8221; sections at the end of chapters or the end of the book. If you can&#8217;t find the words you&#8217;re looking for in a standard\u00a0dictionary, you may need one specially written for a particular discipline. For example, a medical dictionary would be a good resource for a course in anatomy and physiology.<\/p>\n<p>If you circle or underline terms and phrases that appear repeatedly, you&#8217;ll have a visual reminder\u00a0to review and learn them. Repetition helps to lock in these new words and their meanings get them into\u00a0long-term memory, so the more you review them, the more you&#8217;ll understand and feel comfortable using them.<\/p>\n<h3>Look for Main Ideas and Themes<\/h3>\n<p>As a college student, you are not expected to understand every single word or idea presented in a reading, especially if you haven&#8217;t discussed it in class yet. However, you will get more out of discussions and feel more confident about asking questions if you can identify the main idea or thesis in a reading. The thesis statement can often (but not always) be found in the introductory paragraph, and it may\u00a0be introduced with a phrase like &#8220;In this essay I argue that . . . .&#8221; Getting a handle on\u00a0the overall reason an author wrote something (&#8220;to prove X&#8221; or &#8220;to explore Y,&#8221; for instance) gives you a framework for understanding more of the details. It&#8217;s also useful to keep track of any\u00a0themes you notice in the writing. A theme may\u00a0be a recurring idea, word, or image that strikes you as interesting or important: &#8220;This story is about men working in a gloomy\u00a0factory, but the author keeps mentioning birds and bats and windows. Why is that?&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Get the Most of Online Reading<\/h3>\n<p>Reading online texts presents unique challenges for some students. For one thing, you can&#8217;t readily\u00a0circle or underline key terms or passages on the screen with a pencil. For another, there can be many tempting distractions\u2014just a quick visit to amazon.com or Facebook.<\/p>\n<p>While there&#8217;s no substitute for old-fashioned self-discipline, you can take advantage of the following tips to make online reading more efficient and effective:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Where possible, download the reading so you can read it offline.<\/li>\n<li>Get an app that allows you to disable your social media sites for specified periods of time.<\/li>\n<li>Adjust your screen to avoid glare and eye strain, and change the text font to be less distracting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Look for Reputable Online Sources<\/h3>\n<p>Professors\u00a0tend to assign reading from reputable\u00a0print and online sources, so you\u00a0can feel comfortable referencing such sources\u00a0in class and for writing assignments. If you are looking for online sources independently, however,\u00a0devote some time and energy to critically evaluating the quality of the source before spending\u00a0time reading any resources you find there. Find out what you can about the author (if one is listed), the website, and any affiliated sponsors it may have. Check that the information is current and accurate against similar information on other pages.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on what you are researching, sites that end in &#8220;.edu&#8221; (indicating an education site such as a college, university, or other academic institution) tend to be more reliable than &#8220;.com&#8221; sites, but not always. Be sure to always check where your information comes from before you cite the source.<\/p>\n<h3>Pay Attention to Visual Information<\/h3>\n<p>Images in textbooks or journals usually contain valuable information to help you more deeply grasp a topic. Graphs and charts, for instance, help show the relationship between different kinds of information or data\u2014how a population changes over time, how a virus spreads through a population, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Data-rich graphics can take longer to read than the text around them because they present a lot of information in a condensed form. Give yourself plenty of time to study these items as they often provide new and lasting insights that are easy to recall later (like in the middle of an exam on that topic).<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_a16c169f-a777-400e-a0e4-99fb3cb5165d\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/a16c169f-a777-400e-a0e4-99fb3cb5165d?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_a16c169f-a777-400e-a0e4-99fb3cb5165d\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>glossary<\/h3>\n<p><strong>preview:<\/strong> getting a first impression of a text by reading the title, back cover, and table of contents<\/p>\n<p><strong>read:<\/strong> in an academic context, best done with a pen in hand so you can actively engage with the text, highlighting, circling key terms, and annotating as you go<\/p>\n<p><strong>review:<\/strong> revisiting the reading to refresh your memory, especially before a class discussion, exam, or other activity keyed to the material<\/p>\n<p><strong>summarize:<\/strong> writing up a condensed overview of the material that can help you process the material and provide you a quick reference for studying<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1730\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>College Success. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Jolene Carr. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Image of man reading. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Ken Slade. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/auziyg\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/auziyg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>College Reading Strategies. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: The Learning Center at the University of Hawaii Maui College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/faZF9x4A2Vs\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/faZF9x4A2Vs<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":19,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"College Success\",\"author\":\"Jolene Carr\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of man reading\",\"author\":\"Ken Slade\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/auziyg\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"College Reading Strategies\",\"author\":\"The Learning Center at the University of Hawaii Maui College\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/faZF9x4A2Vs\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"531b492c-dfe3-47ba-90d9-fc836cef9426, dad19a08-728d-499f-a90a-adec8da87f6a, 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