{"id":4613,"date":"2021-04-19T21:11:06","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T21:11:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=4613"},"modified":"2024-05-01T18:23:37","modified_gmt":"2024-05-01T18:23:37","slug":"online-learning","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/chapter\/online-learning\/","title":{"raw":"Online Learning","rendered":"Online Learning"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Explain key factors for success in online learning<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Online vs. In-Person Classroom<\/h2>\r\nIf you're reading this, you've decided to investigate online learning as an alternative to traditional in-person learning. But what will decision really mean for you as a student? Here we will introduce you to the world of online learning. We will show you some of the differences you will encounter when taking online courses rather than in-person courses, as well as how to be successful in online learning.\r\n<h2>Types of Online Classes<\/h2>\r\nOne of the easiest mistakes when making decisions about online learning programs is to assume that all online learning is the same, or even that there are two broad categories of \"online\" and \"blended.\" In actuality, there are many different options of online learning, and they make up a spectrum of options.\u00a0When selecting online courses or programs, you will encounter terms such as <em>online<\/em>, <em>distance education<\/em>, <em>synchronous\/live sessions<\/em>,<em> asynchronous<\/em>, and <em>blended\/hybrid learning<\/em>.\u00a0Below we describe each of these terms.\r\n<h3>Distance\/Online Education<\/h3>\r\nTerms such as <em>distance learning<\/em> and <em>online learning<\/em> have been used to describe learning that occurs when the instructor and students are in different geographic locations.[footnote]Urdan, T. A., and C. C. Weggen. <em>Corporate E-Learning: Exploring a New Frontier<\/em>. WR Hambrecht Co, 2000.[\/footnote]\r\n<h3>Synchronous\/Live Sessions<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Synchronous learning<\/strong> has become very popular, particularly during the pandemic. Synchronous means any teaching taking place where the teacher and learners participate in a class session at the same time through the use of videoconferencing tools like Zoom or Google Classroom.\r\n<h3>Asynchronous<\/h3>\r\nUnlike synchronous, simultaneously attended live sessions, <strong>asynchronous learning<\/strong> occurs online and consists of assignments and feedback from instructors and interaction with peers where attendees are free to participate on any schedule that suits them. Typically, learners and the teacher are popping into the class at different times. In this format, deadlines and due dates still apply. [footnote]Hrastinski, S. \"A Study of Asynchronous and Synchronous C-lcarning Methods Discovered That Each Supports Different Purposes.\" <em>Educause Quarterly<\/em>, vol. 4, 2008, pp. 51\u201355,\u00a0www.educause.edu\/ero\/article\/\u00a0asynchronous-and-synchronous-c-lcaming.[\/footnote]\r\n<h3>Blended Learning\/Hybrid<\/h3>\r\nBlended or hybrid learning is a combination of online and face-to-face learning and usually involves anywhere from twenty to eighty percent blending of online instruction with traditional face-to-face courses.[footnote]Blackinton, Cherry, Lance Blackinton, and Mary Blackinton. \u201cStudent Perceptions of Factors Influencing Success in Hybrid and Traditional Dpt Programs: A Q-Sort Analysis.\u201d <em>Quarterly review of distance education<\/em>, vol. 18.4, 2017, pp. 71\u201386.[\/footnote][footnote]Garrison, D. R., and N. D. Vaughan. <em>Blended Learning in Higher Education: Framework, Principles, and Guidelines<\/em>. Jossey-Bass, 2008.[\/footnote]\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/1b9e93b3-279d-4d5d-bba1-d2231c483d17\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>How to Be a Successful Online Student<\/h2>\r\nWhile you will use many of the same strategies required for in-person learning, there are key differences in how you learn in online courses. As mentioned earlier, online instructors\u2019 role shifts to facilitator while online students are expected to engage in independent learning. Independent learners are expected to take a more active role in their learning. At first, this change can be difficult for students, as they may be accustomed to being passive learners. Luckily, there are several strategies that online students can implement to help them be successful independent learners.\r\n\r\n<strong>Independent learning requires the following skills:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Defining your learning goal for each course, and each assignment you complete.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Identifying the steps you must take to move towards your goal. What content do you need to know? How will you learn it?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Choosing strategies that will support your own learning.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Reaching out for the support you need from your instructor, classmates, and university support services.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Metacognition for Online Learning<\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5571\/2021\/04\/21210621\/Learning-Cycle-NEW-e1524521233276.png\"><img class=\"alignright wp-image-5082\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5571\/2021\/04\/21210621\/Learning-Cycle-NEW-e1524521233276.png\" alt=\"The Learning Cycle consists of a repeating cycle of planning, monitoring, evaluation.\" width=\"500\" height=\"428\" \/><\/a>An important skill that successful online students have is metacognition. Metacognition is, put simply, thinking about one\u2019s thinking. More precisely, it refers to the processes used to plan, monitor, and assess one\u2019s understanding and performance. Metacognition includes a critical awareness of a) one\u2019s thinking and learning and b) oneself as a thinker and learner.\r\n<h3>How do you gain the skill of metacognition?<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Planning<\/strong> involves two key tasks: deciding what you need to learn, and then deciding how you are going to learn that material.\r\n\r\n<strong>Monitoring<\/strong> requires you to ask, \u201chow am I doing at learning this?\u201d In monitoring, you are constantly tracking what you have learned, what you don\u2019t yet know, and whether your study strategies are helping you to learn effectively.\r\n\r\n<strong>Evaluation<\/strong>\u00a0involves reflection on how well you met your learning objectives after completing a unit of study, or receiving feedback (such as a test or assignment).\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Metacognition<\/h3>\r\nWatch this video to learn more about metacognition.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=6970227&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=elZFL4FLVLE&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-pj3zwkz8-elZFL4FLVLE\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Time Management for Online Learning<\/h2>\r\nIn addition to being an independent learner and understanding how you learn best (metacognition), another important aspect of online learning is time management. In order to successfully navigate online courses, online students must learn how to manage their time. Managing one\u2019s time includes making time for all the different priorities in one\u2019s life, including school, work, and family responsibilities\r\n\r\nOnline learning requires effective time management skills. You may not have the structure of a weekly class to help you organize your time and prioritize your assignments. If you are in a blended course, you will be responsible for a higher number of independent self-study hours than in traditional classroom courses.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Time Management<\/h3>\r\nIf you are interested in learning about how you manage your time, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.harperdoit.net\/dlo\/DLOwebsite\/lotime.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">complete this time management quiz<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<h3>Resources<\/h3>\r\nSingh, V., and A. Thurman. \"How Many Ways Can We Define Online Learning? A Systematic Literature Review of Definitions of Online Learning (1988\u20132018).\"\u00a0<em>American Journal of Distance Education<\/em>, 2019, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 289\u2013306.\r\n\r\nGraham, C. R., W. Woodfield, and J. B. Harrison. \"A Framework for Institutional Adoption and Implementation of Blended Learning in Higher Education.\"\u00a0<em>The Internet and Higher Education<\/em>, 2013, vol. 18, pp. 4\u201314.\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>glossary<\/h3>\r\n<strong>asynchronous learning:<\/strong> an online learning environment where participants may participate on any schedule that suits them\r\n\r\n<strong>hybrid learning:<\/strong> an combination of online and face-to-face instruction\r\n\r\n<strong>synchronous learning:<\/strong> an online learning environment where participants attend the session together at a scheduled time\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Explain key factors for success in online learning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Online vs. In-Person Classroom<\/h2>\n<p>If you&#8217;re reading this, you&#8217;ve decided to investigate online learning as an alternative to traditional in-person learning. But what will decision really mean for you as a student? Here we will introduce you to the world of online learning. We will show you some of the differences you will encounter when taking online courses rather than in-person courses, as well as how to be successful in online learning.<\/p>\n<h2>Types of Online Classes<\/h2>\n<p>One of the easiest mistakes when making decisions about online learning programs is to assume that all online learning is the same, or even that there are two broad categories of &#8220;online&#8221; and &#8220;blended.&#8221; In actuality, there are many different options of online learning, and they make up a spectrum of options.\u00a0When selecting online courses or programs, you will encounter terms such as <em>online<\/em>, <em>distance education<\/em>, <em>synchronous\/live sessions<\/em>,<em> asynchronous<\/em>, and <em>blended\/hybrid learning<\/em>.\u00a0Below we describe each of these terms.<\/p>\n<h3>Distance\/Online Education<\/h3>\n<p>Terms such as <em>distance learning<\/em> and <em>online learning<\/em> have been used to describe learning that occurs when the instructor and students are in different geographic locations.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Urdan, T. A., and C. C. Weggen. Corporate E-Learning: Exploring a New Frontier. WR Hambrecht Co, 2000.\" id=\"return-footnote-4613-1\" href=\"#footnote-4613-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Synchronous\/Live Sessions<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Synchronous learning<\/strong> has become very popular, particularly during the pandemic. Synchronous means any teaching taking place where the teacher and learners participate in a class session at the same time through the use of videoconferencing tools like Zoom or Google Classroom.<\/p>\n<h3>Asynchronous<\/h3>\n<p>Unlike synchronous, simultaneously attended live sessions, <strong>asynchronous learning<\/strong> occurs online and consists of assignments and feedback from instructors and interaction with peers where attendees are free to participate on any schedule that suits them. Typically, learners and the teacher are popping into the class at different times. In this format, deadlines and due dates still apply. <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Hrastinski, S. &quot;A Study of Asynchronous and Synchronous C-lcarning Methods Discovered That Each Supports Different Purposes.&quot; Educause Quarterly, vol. 4, 2008, pp. 51\u201355,\u00a0www.educause.edu\/ero\/article\/\u00a0asynchronous-and-synchronous-c-lcaming.\" id=\"return-footnote-4613-2\" href=\"#footnote-4613-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Blended Learning\/Hybrid<\/h3>\n<p>Blended or hybrid learning is a combination of online and face-to-face learning and usually involves anywhere from twenty to eighty percent blending of online instruction with traditional face-to-face courses.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Blackinton, Cherry, Lance Blackinton, and Mary Blackinton. \u201cStudent Perceptions of Factors Influencing Success in Hybrid and Traditional Dpt Programs: A Q-Sort Analysis.\u201d Quarterly review of distance education, vol. 18.4, 2017, pp. 71\u201386.\" id=\"return-footnote-4613-3\" href=\"#footnote-4613-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Garrison, D. R., and N. D. Vaughan. Blended Learning in Higher Education: Framework, Principles, and Guidelines. Jossey-Bass, 2008.\" id=\"return-footnote-4613-4\" href=\"#footnote-4613-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_1b9e93b3-279d-4d5d-bba1-d2231c483d17\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/1b9e93b3-279d-4d5d-bba1-d2231c483d17?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_1b9e93b3-279d-4d5d-bba1-d2231c483d17\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>How to Be a Successful Online Student<\/h2>\n<p>While you will use many of the same strategies required for in-person learning, there are key differences in how you learn in online courses. As mentioned earlier, online instructors\u2019 role shifts to facilitator while online students are expected to engage in independent learning. Independent learners are expected to take a more active role in their learning. At first, this change can be difficult for students, as they may be accustomed to being passive learners. Luckily, there are several strategies that online students can implement to help them be successful independent learners.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Independent learning requires the following skills:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Defining your learning goal for each course, and each assignment you complete.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Identifying the steps you must take to move towards your goal. What content do you need to know? How will you learn it?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Choosing strategies that will support your own learning.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Reaching out for the support you need from your instructor, classmates, and university support services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Metacognition for Online Learning<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5571\/2021\/04\/21210621\/Learning-Cycle-NEW-e1524521233276.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-5082\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5571\/2021\/04\/21210621\/Learning-Cycle-NEW-e1524521233276.png\" alt=\"The Learning Cycle consists of a repeating cycle of planning, monitoring, evaluation.\" width=\"500\" height=\"428\" \/><\/a>An important skill that successful online students have is metacognition. Metacognition is, put simply, thinking about one\u2019s thinking. More precisely, it refers to the processes used to plan, monitor, and assess one\u2019s understanding and performance. Metacognition includes a critical awareness of a) one\u2019s thinking and learning and b) oneself as a thinker and learner.<\/p>\n<h3>How do you gain the skill of metacognition?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Planning<\/strong> involves two key tasks: deciding what you need to learn, and then deciding how you are going to learn that material.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Monitoring<\/strong> requires you to ask, \u201chow am I doing at learning this?\u201d In monitoring, you are constantly tracking what you have learned, what you don\u2019t yet know, and whether your study strategies are helping you to learn effectively.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Evaluation<\/strong>\u00a0involves reflection on how well you met your learning objectives after completing a unit of study, or receiving feedback (such as a test or assignment).<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Metacognition<\/h3>\n<p>Watch this video to learn more about metacognition.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=6970227&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=elZFL4FLVLE&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-pj3zwkz8-elZFL4FLVLE\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Time Management for Online Learning<\/h2>\n<p>In addition to being an independent learner and understanding how you learn best (metacognition), another important aspect of online learning is time management. In order to successfully navigate online courses, online students must learn how to manage their time. Managing one\u2019s time includes making time for all the different priorities in one\u2019s life, including school, work, and family responsibilities<\/p>\n<p>Online learning requires effective time management skills. You may not have the structure of a weekly class to help you organize your time and prioritize your assignments. If you are in a blended course, you will be responsible for a higher number of independent self-study hours than in traditional classroom courses.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Time Management<\/h3>\n<p>If you are interested in learning about how you manage your time, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.harperdoit.net\/dlo\/DLOwebsite\/lotime.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">complete this time management quiz<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Resources<\/h3>\n<p>Singh, V., and A. Thurman. &#8220;How Many Ways Can We Define Online Learning? A Systematic Literature Review of Definitions of Online Learning (1988\u20132018).&#8221;\u00a0<em>American Journal of Distance Education<\/em>, 2019, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 289\u2013306.<\/p>\n<p>Graham, C. R., W. Woodfield, and J. B. Harrison. &#8220;A Framework for Institutional Adoption and Implementation of Blended Learning in Higher Education.&#8221;\u00a0<em>The Internet and Higher Education<\/em>, 2013, vol. 18, pp. 4\u201314.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>glossary<\/h3>\n<p><strong>asynchronous learning:<\/strong> an online learning environment where participants may participate on any schedule that suits them<\/p>\n<p><strong>hybrid learning:<\/strong> an combination of online and face-to-face instruction<\/p>\n<p><strong>synchronous learning:<\/strong> an online learning environment where participants attend the session together at a scheduled time<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-4613\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Online Learning. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Beverly Araujo. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/chapter\/online-learning\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-collegesuccess-2\/chapter\/online-learning\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Tutorials. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: California Community Colleges; Modified by Beverly Araujo and Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/apps.3cmediasolutions.org\/oei\/\">https:\/\/apps.3cmediasolutions.org\/oei\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Online Education Initiative. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Blending Online Asynchronous and Synchronous Learning. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Lisa C. Yamagata-Lynch. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.erudit.org\/en\/journals\/irrodl\/2014-v15-n2-irrodl04928\/1065292ar.pdf.\">https:\/\/www.erudit.org\/en\/journals\/irrodl\/2014-v15-n2-irrodl04928\/1065292ar.pdf.<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Learning to Learn. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Julie Hovden, Anh Nguyen, &amp; Aivee Ortega. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: College of the Canyons. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oercommons.org\/courses\/learning-to-learn\">https:\/\/www.oercommons.org\/courses\/learning-to-learn<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>University 101: Study, Strategize and Succeed. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Kwantlen Polytechnic University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/studystrategizesucceed\/chapter\/explore-the-planning-monitoring-evaluation-cycle\/\">https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/studystrategizesucceed\/chapter\/explore-the-planning-monitoring-evaluation-cycle\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Week 3: Manage Your Time. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Bridgette Cram. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oercommons.org\/courseware\/lesson\/40717\/overview\">https:\/\/www.oercommons.org\/courseware\/lesson\/40717\/overview<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Learning to Learn Online. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Kwantlen Polytechnic University. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Metacognition: The Skill That Promotes Advanced Learning. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Peterson&#039;s. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=elZFL4FLVLE\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=elZFL4FLVLE<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-4613-1\">Urdan, T. A., and C. C. Weggen. <em>Corporate E-Learning: Exploring a New Frontier<\/em>. WR Hambrecht Co, 2000. <a href=\"#return-footnote-4613-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-4613-2\">Hrastinski, S. \"A Study of Asynchronous and Synchronous C-lcarning Methods Discovered That Each Supports Different Purposes.\" <em>Educause Quarterly<\/em>, vol. 4, 2008, pp. 51\u201355,\u00a0www.educause.edu\/ero\/article\/\u00a0asynchronous-and-synchronous-c-lcaming. <a href=\"#return-footnote-4613-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-4613-3\">Blackinton, Cherry, Lance Blackinton, and Mary Blackinton. \u201cStudent Perceptions of Factors Influencing Success in Hybrid and Traditional Dpt Programs: A Q-Sort Analysis.\u201d <em>Quarterly review of distance education<\/em>, vol. 18.4, 2017, pp. 71\u201386. <a href=\"#return-footnote-4613-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-4613-4\">Garrison, D. R., and N. D. Vaughan. <em>Blended Learning in Higher Education: Framework, Principles, and Guidelines<\/em>. Jossey-Bass, 2008. <a href=\"#return-footnote-4613-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":169554,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Tutorials\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"California Community Colleges; Modified by Beverly Araujo and Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/apps.3cmediasolutions.org\/oei\/\",\"project\":\"Online Education Initiative\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Blending Online Asynchronous and Synchronous Learning\",\"author\":\"Lisa C. 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