{"id":522,"date":"2021-03-30T18:02:53","date_gmt":"2021-03-30T18:02:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=522"},"modified":"2022-07-25T19:31:29","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T19:31:29","slug":"elements-in-citation","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/chapter\/elements-in-citation\/","title":{"raw":"Elements in Citation","rendered":"Elements in Citation"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nIdentify shared elements in different citation styles\r\n\r\nRecognize common uses of different citation styles\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nMost citations require two parts:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The full bibliographic citation on the Bibliography page or References page, or Works Cited page of your final product.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>An indication within your text (usually author and publication date and maybe the page number from which you are quoting) that tells your reader where you have used something that needs a citation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWith your in-text citation, your reader will be able to tell which full bibliographic citation you are referring to by paying attention to the author\u2019s name and publication date.\r\n<h2><span dir=\"rtl\">In-text Citations<\/span><\/h2>\r\nWhen writing an academic paper, you need to indicate in your text when you are using the words or ideas of an outside source. This is not only true when you are using exact language but also when you are paraphrasing or summarizing material. Sources can be virtually any form of information you choose to include in a research project: text from books, articles, or websites, images and photographs, audio,\u00a0video, artworks, or even tweets.\r\n\r\nMLA uses\u00a0parenthetical citations, typically the author's last name and a page number. Quotation marks must be used\u00a0when you are borrowing exact language (approximately five or more words), but not when you are paraphrasing or summarizing. If\u00a0you refer to the author in your text, the author's name does not need to be included in the parentheses.\r\n\r\nThe Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) prefers\u00a0notations\u00a0-- superscript numbers that denote the use of external sources and refer to corresponding footnotes (at the bottom of the page) or endnotes (at the end of a paper, chapter, or book).\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>MLA Parenthetical Citation<\/h3>\r\n<blockquote>In recent years, a powerful grassroots movement has contributed to the\u00a0rise in\u00a0community-supported agriculture, the explosion in the sale of vegetable seeds, and the proliferation of farmers' markets (Thackara\u00a053).<\/blockquote>\r\nThe information in parentheses coordinates with a list of full citations at the end of the paper.\u00a0In\u00a0MLA, the citations are arranged alphabetically by author in a section titled\u00a0<em>Works Cited<\/em>. The\u00a0<em>Works Cited<\/em>\u00a0list is typically included on a new page following the main body of the paper.\r\n\r\nAt the end of the paper, these bibliographic entries appear in a Works Cited list:\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Thackara, John.\u00a0<em>How to Thrive in the Next Economy: Designing Tomorrow\u2019s World Today.\u00a0<\/em>Thames &amp; Hudson, 2015.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>APA PARENTHETICAL Citation<\/h3>\r\n<blockquote>Studies have shown that compared to passive learning, which occurs when students observe a lecture, students will learn more and will retain that learning longer if more active methods of teaching and learning are used (Bonwell and Eison 1991; Fink 2003).<\/blockquote>\r\nThe information in parentheses coordinates with a list of full citations at the end of the paper.\r\n\r\nAt the end of the paper, these bibliographic entries appear in a reference list:\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Bonwell, C. G., and Eison, J. A.1991. \u201cActive learning: Creating excitement in the classroom.\u201d ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Rep. No. 1, George Washington Univ., Washington, D.C.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Fink, L. D. 2003. Creating significant learning experiences, Wiley, New York.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>CMS Note<\/h3>\r\n<blockquote>In recent\u00a0years, a powerful grassroots movement has contributed to the\u00a0rise in\u00a0community-supported agriculture, the explosion in the sale of vegetable seeds, and the proliferation of farmers' markets.<sup>1<\/sup><\/blockquote>\r\nIn\u00a0CMS, the author chooses to employ either footnotes, appearing in the footer of the same page as the in-text citation, or\u00a0endnotes, a numerically-ordered list at the end of the paper, chapter, or book. Longer works will also include an alphabetically-ordered bibliography on a new page following the main body of the paper. If you are unsure of whether to use footnotes,\u00a0endnotes, and\/or a bibliography, ask your instructor for their preference.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n1. John Thackara,\u00a0<em>How to Thrive in the Next Economy: Designing Tomorrow\u2019s World Today\u00a0<\/em>(New York: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2015), 53.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/36d9a6cf-4405-4b9e-b66c-dc086e9daebf\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Citation Styles<\/h2>\r\nStyle guides set the specific rules for how to create both in-text citations and their full bibliographic citations.\r\n\r\nThere are over a dozen kinds of citation styles. While each style requires much of the same publication information to be included in a citation, the styles differ from each other in formatting details such as capitalization, punctuation, order of publication information, and whether the author\u2019s name is given in full or abbreviated.\r\n<div class=\"example\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Examples: Differences in Citation Styles<\/h3>\r\nThe image below shows bibliographic citations in four common styles. Notice that they contain information about who the <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">author<\/span> is, <span style=\"background-color: #ff00ff;\">article title<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">journal title<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #00ffff;\">publication year<\/span>, and information about <span style=\"background-color: #ff6600;\">volume<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">issue<\/span>, and <span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc;\">pages<\/span>. Notice also the small differences in punctuation,\u00a0order of the elements,\u00a0and formatting that\u00a0<strong>do make a difference<\/strong>.\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 48px; font-size: 1.2em;\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 12px;\">MLA<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 12px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">MacDonald, Susan Peck.<\/span>\u00a0\u201c<span style=\"background-color: #ff00ff;\">The Erasure of Language<\/span>.\u201d\u00a0<em><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">College Composition and Communication<\/span>,<\/em>\u00a0vol. <span style=\"background-color: #ff6600;\">58<\/span>, no. <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">4<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #00ffff;\">2007<\/span>, pp. <span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc;\">585-625<\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 12px;\">APA<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 12px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">MacDonald, S. P.<\/span>\u00a0 (<span style=\"background-color: #00ffff;\">2007<\/span>).\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: #ff00ff;\">The erasure of language<\/span>.\u00a0<em><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">College Composition and Communication<\/span>,\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"background-color: #ff6600;\">58<\/span>(<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">4<\/span>),\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc;\">585-625<\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 12px;\">Chicago<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 12px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">MacDonald, Susan Peck.<\/span> \u201c<span style=\"background-color: #ff00ff;\">The Erasure of Language<\/span>.\u201d\u00a0<em><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">College Composition and Communication<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: #ff6600;\">58<\/span>, no. <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">4<\/span> (<span style=\"background-color: #00ffff;\">2007<\/span>): <span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc;\">585-625<\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Which Style Should I Use?<\/h2>\r\nCitation styles define how citations or references are organized and formatted within a paper.\u00a0 The three most commonly used citation styles in higher education include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Modern Language Association (MLA) Style<\/strong>: used in literature, arts, humanities, and some other disciplines.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Chicago Manual of Style<\/strong> <strong>(CMS)<\/strong>: used most often in history, art, and visual studies. Sometimes referred to as\u00a0<em>Turabian<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>American Psychological Association\u00a0(APA)<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Style<\/strong>: used in social sciences such as anthropology, business, psychology, sociology, and political science.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIf you are not sure which one to use,\u00a0<strong>ask your instructor<\/strong>\u00a0what citation style they prefer you to use for your assignments.\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/dd4b82b5-01f9-4fbf-b464-b35ad2fac21d\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p>Identify shared elements in different citation styles<\/p>\n<p>Recognize common uses of different citation styles<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Most citations require two parts:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The full bibliographic citation on the Bibliography page or References page, or Works Cited page of your final product.<\/li>\n<li>An indication within your text (usually author and publication date and maybe the page number from which you are quoting) that tells your reader where you have used something that needs a citation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>With your in-text citation, your reader will be able to tell which full bibliographic citation you are referring to by paying attention to the author\u2019s name and publication date.<\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"rtl\">In-text Citations<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When writing an academic paper, you need to indicate in your text when you are using the words or ideas of an outside source. This is not only true when you are using exact language but also when you are paraphrasing or summarizing material. Sources can be virtually any form of information you choose to include in a research project: text from books, articles, or websites, images and photographs, audio,\u00a0video, artworks, or even tweets.<\/p>\n<p>MLA uses\u00a0parenthetical citations, typically the author&#8217;s last name and a page number. Quotation marks must be used\u00a0when you are borrowing exact language (approximately five or more words), but not when you are paraphrasing or summarizing. If\u00a0you refer to the author in your text, the author&#8217;s name does not need to be included in the parentheses.<\/p>\n<p>The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) prefers\u00a0notations\u00a0&#8212; superscript numbers that denote the use of external sources and refer to corresponding footnotes (at the bottom of the page) or endnotes (at the end of a paper, chapter, or book).<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>MLA Parenthetical Citation<\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>In recent years, a powerful grassroots movement has contributed to the\u00a0rise in\u00a0community-supported agriculture, the explosion in the sale of vegetable seeds, and the proliferation of farmers&#8217; markets (Thackara\u00a053).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The information in parentheses coordinates with a list of full citations at the end of the paper.\u00a0In\u00a0MLA, the citations are arranged alphabetically by author in a section titled\u00a0<em>Works Cited<\/em>. The\u00a0<em>Works Cited<\/em>\u00a0list is typically included on a new page following the main body of the paper.<\/p>\n<p>At the end of the paper, these bibliographic entries appear in a Works Cited list:<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Thackara, John.\u00a0<em>How to Thrive in the Next Economy: Designing Tomorrow\u2019s World Today.\u00a0<\/em>Thames &amp; Hudson, 2015.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>APA PARENTHETICAL Citation<\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>Studies have shown that compared to passive learning, which occurs when students observe a lecture, students will learn more and will retain that learning longer if more active methods of teaching and learning are used (Bonwell and Eison 1991; Fink 2003).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The information in parentheses coordinates with a list of full citations at the end of the paper.<\/p>\n<p>At the end of the paper, these bibliographic entries appear in a reference list:<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Bonwell, C. G., and Eison, J. A.1991. \u201cActive learning: Creating excitement in the classroom.\u201d ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Rep. No. 1, George Washington Univ., Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Fink, L. D. 2003. Creating significant learning experiences, Wiley, New York.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>CMS Note<\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>In recent\u00a0years, a powerful grassroots movement has contributed to the\u00a0rise in\u00a0community-supported agriculture, the explosion in the sale of vegetable seeds, and the proliferation of farmers&#8217; markets.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In\u00a0CMS, the author chooses to employ either footnotes, appearing in the footer of the same page as the in-text citation, or\u00a0endnotes, a numerically-ordered list at the end of the paper, chapter, or book. Longer works will also include an alphabetically-ordered bibliography on a new page following the main body of the paper. If you are unsure of whether to use footnotes,\u00a0endnotes, and\/or a bibliography, ask your instructor for their preference.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>1. John Thackara,\u00a0<em>How to Thrive in the Next Economy: Designing Tomorrow\u2019s World Today\u00a0<\/em>(New York: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2015), 53.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_36d9a6cf-4405-4b9e-b66c-dc086e9daebf\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/36d9a6cf-4405-4b9e-b66c-dc086e9daebf?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_36d9a6cf-4405-4b9e-b66c-dc086e9daebf\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Citation Styles<\/h2>\n<p>Style guides set the specific rules for how to create both in-text citations and their full bibliographic citations.<\/p>\n<p>There are over a dozen kinds of citation styles. While each style requires much of the same publication information to be included in a citation, the styles differ from each other in formatting details such as capitalization, punctuation, order of publication information, and whether the author\u2019s name is given in full or abbreviated.<\/p>\n<div class=\"example\">\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Examples: Differences in Citation Styles<\/h3>\n<p>The image below shows bibliographic citations in four common styles. Notice that they contain information about who the <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">author<\/span> is, <span style=\"background-color: #ff00ff;\">article title<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">journal title<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #00ffff;\">publication year<\/span>, and information about <span style=\"background-color: #ff6600;\">volume<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">issue<\/span>, and <span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc;\">pages<\/span>. Notice also the small differences in punctuation,\u00a0order of the elements,\u00a0and formatting that\u00a0<strong>do make a difference<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 48px; font-size: 1.2em;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 12px;\">MLA<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 12px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">MacDonald, Susan Peck.<\/span>\u00a0\u201c<span style=\"background-color: #ff00ff;\">The Erasure of Language<\/span>.\u201d\u00a0<em><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">College Composition and Communication<\/span>,<\/em>\u00a0vol. <span style=\"background-color: #ff6600;\">58<\/span>, no. <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">4<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #00ffff;\">2007<\/span>, pp. <span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc;\">585-625<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 12px;\">APA<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 12px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">MacDonald, S. P.<\/span>\u00a0 (<span style=\"background-color: #00ffff;\">2007<\/span>).\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: #ff00ff;\">The erasure of language<\/span>.\u00a0<em><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">College Composition and Communication<\/span>,\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"background-color: #ff6600;\">58<\/span>(<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">4<\/span>),\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc;\">585-625<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 12px;\">Chicago<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 12px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">MacDonald, Susan Peck.<\/span> \u201c<span style=\"background-color: #ff00ff;\">The Erasure of Language<\/span>.\u201d\u00a0<em><span style=\"background-color: #ffff00;\">College Composition and Communication<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: #ff6600;\">58<\/span>, no. <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">4<\/span> (<span style=\"background-color: #00ffff;\">2007<\/span>): <span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc;\">585-625<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Which Style Should I Use?<\/h2>\n<p>Citation styles define how citations or references are organized and formatted within a paper.\u00a0 The three most commonly used citation styles in higher education include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Modern Language Association (MLA) Style<\/strong>: used in literature, arts, humanities, and some other disciplines.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chicago Manual of Style<\/strong> <strong>(CMS)<\/strong>: used most often in history, art, and visual studies. Sometimes referred to as\u00a0<em>Turabian<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>American Psychological Association\u00a0(APA)<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Style<\/strong>: used in social sciences such as anthropology, business, psychology, sociology, and political science.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you are not sure which one to use,\u00a0<strong>ask your instructor<\/strong>\u00a0what citation style they prefer you to use for your assignments.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_dd4b82b5-01f9-4fbf-b464-b35ad2fac21d\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/dd4b82b5-01f9-4fbf-b464-b35ad2fac21d?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_dd4b82b5-01f9-4fbf-b464-b35ad2fac21d\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-522\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Citation and Citation Styles. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Teaching &amp; Learning, Ohio State University Libraries. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/citation\/\">https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/citation\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Choosing &amp; Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Citations. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: California College of the Arts . <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/libguides.cca.edu\/citations\">https:\/\/libguides.cca.edu\/citations<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: CCA LibGuide. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":161083,"menu_order":14,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Citation and Citation Styles\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Teaching & Learning, Ohio State University Libraries\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/citation\/\",\"project\":\"Choosing & Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Citations\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"California College of the Arts \",\"url\":\"https:\/\/libguides.cca.edu\/citations\",\"project\":\"CCA LibGuide\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"40c9deb2-21ef-4303-9475-28ee8b54bbe6, ffc83c6a-b039-4e7d-bdd0-ac662a1a40cf, 39afe7d1-4710-4e5e-ba51-a19f7408418b","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-522","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":81,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/161083"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4206,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/522\/revisions\/4206"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/81"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/522\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=522"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=522"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}