{"id":43,"date":"2019-06-17T20:43:08","date_gmt":"2019-06-17T20:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=43"},"modified":"2024-04-25T01:46:59","modified_gmt":"2024-04-25T01:46:59","slug":"ethics-in-the-workplace","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/chapter\/ethics-in-the-workplace\/","title":{"raw":"Ethics in the Workplace","rendered":"Ethics in the Workplace"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Discuss ethics in the workplace<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nEthics is a system of moral principles that provide a framework for decision-making and conduct. Variously derived from culture, philosophy and religion, these principles define what is right and wrong in order to prompt conduct that is good for individuals and society. Practically speaking, ethics is experienced as trust or a belief that an individual or institution will \u201cdo the right thing.\u201d Although there are many ethical positions that are generally accepted, there are also a number of issues where there are polarized positions based on differences in perception and priorities, which may reflect socialization (including stereotypes), prejudice and religious doctrine. For example, differences in interpretation\u2014and, therefore, protection\u2014of civil rights is a point of ongoing debate in society, politics, the courts and workplaces, as our discussion of the interpretation of Title VII protection of \u201csex\u201d in <a href=\"..\/chapter\/why-it-matters-diversity-in-the-workplace\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Module 4:\u00a0Diversity in the Workplace<\/a> illustrated. Perception and priority differences also impact individual, corporate and government policy positions and action on environmental and social issues such as climate change and pay equity.\r\n\r\nWhat\u2019s important to note is that a person\u2019s perceptions aren\u2019t simply a personal matter; they influence workplace behavior and culture and may represent both a legal and brand liability.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>James Damore<\/h3>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_327\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"200\"]<img class=\" wp-image-327\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4056\/2019\/06\/19175605\/400px-James_Damore-e1564175874161.jpg\" alt=\"A side view of Jame Damore sitting on a stage with a microphone. Helen Pluckrose is sitting in the background watching Damore speak.\" width=\"200\" height=\"259\" \/> James Damore spoke with two other panelists at Portland State University in 2018.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nIn July 2017 Google engineer James Damore, a white male, posted a ten page critique of Google\u2019s diversity efforts titled \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/3914586-Googles-Ideological-Echo-Chamber.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google\u2019s Ideological Echo Chamber\"<\/a>[footnote]Damore, James. \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/3914586-Googles-Ideological-Echo-Chamber.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google's Ideological Echo Chamber<\/a>.\" July 2017. Accessed July 18, 2019.[\/footnote] to an internal communications board. One of the most provocative points made was that \u201cbiological differences between men and women (for example, women's \"agreeableness\" and \"neuroticism\") might explain why we don\u2019t see equal representation of women in tech and leadership.\u201d\r\n\r\nHis post, which some conservatives termed a \u201cmanifesto,\u201d resulted in Damore being fired for violating Google's code of conduct by \"advancing harmful gender stereotypes in our workplace.\" Damore sued, claiming Google discriminates against conservative white men.\r\n\r\nAlthough the case has moved from court to arbitration, the claim of discrimination has since been taken up by President Trump, who drafted (but didn\u2019t finalize) an executive order calling for antitrust investigations of online platforms and Republican senators who claim that Facebook, Google and Twitter are using monopoly power to censor conservative speech.[footnote]Shepardson, David. \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-congress-socialmedia\/facebook-google-accused-of-anti-conservative-bias-at-u-s-senate-hearing-idUSKCN1RM2SJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook, Google Accused of Anti-Conservative Bias at U.S. Senate Hearing<\/a>.\" Reuters. April 10, 2019. Accessed July 18, 2019.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nAn area where there is general agreement on ethics is where there is an established code of conduct based on the standards set by a particular profession or professional association. For example, members of the National Association of REALTORS\u00ae take a pledge on their induction, agreeing \u201cto abide by the REALTORS'\u00ae Code of Ethics and to strive to conform my conduct to its aspirational ideals.\u201d[footnote]\"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nar.realtor\/about-nar\/history\/realtor-pledge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Realtor\u00ae Pledge<\/a>.\" National Association of Realtors\u00ae. Accessed July 18, 2019.[\/footnote] NAR members are required to complete training every other year, and ethics complaints are handled by a system of administration that is, in effect, a private judicial system that may impose judgement in the form of training, fines, suspension or other action.[footnote]\"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nar.realtor\/about-nar\/policies\/professional-standards-and-code-of-ethics\/professional-standards-training-information-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Professional Standards Training &amp; Information Resources<\/a>.\" National Association of Realtors\u00ae. Accessed July 18, 2019.[\/footnote] If proved, violation of professional ethics may impact an individual socially and financially, damaging their reputation and reducing their ability to attract clients or other business opportunities.\r\n\r\nNote, however, that a code of conduct that isn\u2019t enforced or is enforced selectively can have a disruptive, if not destructive effect. In October 2018, <em>The New York Times<\/em> reported on Google\u2019s practice of protecting senior executives accused of sexual misconduct. The most inflammatory situation involved Android software creator Andy Rubin, who exited with then CEO Larry Page\u2019s kudos and a $90 million payoff despite a sexual misconduct charge the company investigated and deemed \u201ccredible.\u201d[footnote]Wakabayashi, Daisuke and Katie Benner. \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/25\/technology\/google-sexual-harassment-andy-rubin.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Google Protected Andy Rubin, the 'Father of Andriod'.<\/a>\" <em>The New York Times<\/em>. October 25, 2018. Accessed July 18, 2019.[\/footnote] Indeed, the hypocrisy revealed in the article prompted a series of walkouts in cities around the world.[footnote]Wakabayashi, Daisuke, Erin Griffith , Amie Tsang, and Kate Conger. \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/01\/technology\/google-walkout-sexual-harassment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Walkout: Employees Stage Protest Over Handling of Sexual Harassment<\/a>.\" <em>The New York Times<\/em>. November 1, 2018. Accessed July 18, 2019.[\/footnote]\u2014a scenario discussed further in the next section.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_329\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"350\"]<img class=\"wp-image-329\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4056\/2019\/06\/19182221\/2539334956_87cef7e457_b-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of a red and white sign reading &quot;Foreclosure&quot; in front of a house.\" width=\"350\" height=\"263\" \/> Financial sector misrepresentation of the risk of mortgage-back securities resulted in a mortgage crisis that contributed to the Great Recession[\/caption]\r\n\r\nIn our complex economy, the impacts of unethical behavior can have national\u2014even global\u2014repercussions. Financial sector misrepresentation of the risk of mortgage-back securities resulted in a mortgage crisis that contributed to the Great Recession[footnote]Cowley, Stacy. \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/04\/25\/business\/morgan-stanley-california-settlement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Morgan Stanley to Pay California $150 Million Over Mortgage Crisis Claims<\/a>.\" The New York Times. April 25, 2019. Accessed July 18, 2019.[\/footnote] in the United States and an economic crisis globally. Of particular concern: an unethical culture, once established, can be hard to eradicate. In April 2019, five banks including Citigroup and JPMorgan agreed to pay European Union fines totaling $1.2 billion (1.07 billion euros) for foreign-exchange trading collusion. Royal Bank of Scotland Group, one of the five banks, stated that \u201cToday\u2019s fine is a further reminder of how badly the bank lost its way in the past and we absolutely condemn the behavior of those responsible. This kind of behavior has no place at the bank we are today; our culture and controls have changed fundamentally during the past ten years.\u201d[footnote]\"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanbanker.com\/articles\/citigroup-hit-hardest-as-eu-fines-banks-12-billion-over-foreign-exchange\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Citigroup Hit Hardest as EU Fines Banks $1.2 Billion Over Foreign Exchange<\/a>.\" <em>American Banker<\/em>. May 16, 2019. Accessed July 18, 2019. [\/footnote] There is obviously still work to do on implementing the culture change and associated controls. In many cases, fines are the least of the downside risks. An inability to establish and enforce an ethical culture can put the survival of a company\u2014and the interests of stakeholders\u2014at risk.\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Practice Question<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/59cce246-92c4-489a-90ea-4f57732dcc40\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nIn a report titled \u201cThe Business Case for a High-Trust Culture,\u201d Great Place to Work noted there\u2019s a strong correlation between a high-trust culture and business success. Specifically, their research found that a high-trust culture is associated with the following business outcomes:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stock market returns two to three times greater than the market average.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Turnover rates that are 50 percent lower than industry competitors.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased levels of innovation, customer and patient satisfaction, employee engagement and organizational agility.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Discuss ethics in the workplace<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ethics is a system of moral principles that provide a framework for decision-making and conduct. Variously derived from culture, philosophy and religion, these principles define what is right and wrong in order to prompt conduct that is good for individuals and society. Practically speaking, ethics is experienced as trust or a belief that an individual or institution will \u201cdo the right thing.\u201d Although there are many ethical positions that are generally accepted, there are also a number of issues where there are polarized positions based on differences in perception and priorities, which may reflect socialization (including stereotypes), prejudice and religious doctrine. For example, differences in interpretation\u2014and, therefore, protection\u2014of civil rights is a point of ongoing debate in society, politics, the courts and workplaces, as our discussion of the interpretation of Title VII protection of \u201csex\u201d in <a href=\"..\/chapter\/why-it-matters-diversity-in-the-workplace\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Module 4:\u00a0Diversity in the Workplace<\/a> illustrated. Perception and priority differences also impact individual, corporate and government policy positions and action on environmental and social issues such as climate change and pay equity.<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s important to note is that a person\u2019s perceptions aren\u2019t simply a personal matter; they influence workplace behavior and culture and may represent both a legal and brand liability.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>James Damore<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_327\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-327\" class=\"wp-image-327\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4056\/2019\/06\/19175605\/400px-James_Damore-e1564175874161.jpg\" alt=\"A side view of Jame Damore sitting on a stage with a microphone. Helen Pluckrose is sitting in the background watching Damore speak.\" width=\"200\" height=\"259\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-327\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Damore spoke with two other panelists at Portland State University in 2018.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>In July 2017 Google engineer James Damore, a white male, posted a ten page critique of Google\u2019s diversity efforts titled &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/3914586-Googles-Ideological-Echo-Chamber.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google\u2019s Ideological Echo Chamber&#8221;<\/a><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Damore, James. &quot;Google's Ideological Echo Chamber.&quot; July 2017. Accessed July 18, 2019.\" id=\"return-footnote-43-1\" href=\"#footnote-43-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> to an internal communications board. One of the most provocative points made was that \u201cbiological differences between men and women (for example, women&#8217;s &#8220;agreeableness&#8221; and &#8220;neuroticism&#8221;) might explain why we don\u2019t see equal representation of women in tech and leadership.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>His post, which some conservatives termed a \u201cmanifesto,\u201d resulted in Damore being fired for violating Google&#8217;s code of conduct by &#8220;advancing harmful gender stereotypes in our workplace.&#8221; Damore sued, claiming Google discriminates against conservative white men.<\/p>\n<p>Although the case has moved from court to arbitration, the claim of discrimination has since been taken up by President Trump, who drafted (but didn\u2019t finalize) an executive order calling for antitrust investigations of online platforms and Republican senators who claim that Facebook, Google and Twitter are using monopoly power to censor conservative speech.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Shepardson, David. &quot;Facebook, Google Accused of Anti-Conservative Bias at U.S. Senate Hearing.&quot; Reuters. April 10, 2019. Accessed July 18, 2019.\" id=\"return-footnote-43-2\" href=\"#footnote-43-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>An area where there is general agreement on ethics is where there is an established code of conduct based on the standards set by a particular profession or professional association. For example, members of the National Association of REALTORS\u00ae take a pledge on their induction, agreeing \u201cto abide by the REALTORS&#8217;\u00ae Code of Ethics and to strive to conform my conduct to its aspirational ideals.\u201d<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Realtor\u00ae Pledge.&quot; National Association of Realtors\u00ae. Accessed July 18, 2019.\" id=\"return-footnote-43-3\" href=\"#footnote-43-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a> NAR members are required to complete training every other year, and ethics complaints are handled by a system of administration that is, in effect, a private judicial system that may impose judgement in the form of training, fines, suspension or other action.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Professional Standards Training &amp; Information Resources.&quot; National Association of Realtors\u00ae. Accessed July 18, 2019.\" id=\"return-footnote-43-4\" href=\"#footnote-43-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a> If proved, violation of professional ethics may impact an individual socially and financially, damaging their reputation and reducing their ability to attract clients or other business opportunities.<\/p>\n<p>Note, however, that a code of conduct that isn\u2019t enforced or is enforced selectively can have a disruptive, if not destructive effect. In October 2018, <em>The New York Times<\/em> reported on Google\u2019s practice of protecting senior executives accused of sexual misconduct. The most inflammatory situation involved Android software creator Andy Rubin, who exited with then CEO Larry Page\u2019s kudos and a $90 million payoff despite a sexual misconduct charge the company investigated and deemed \u201ccredible.\u201d<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Wakabayashi, Daisuke and Katie Benner. &quot;How Google Protected Andy Rubin, the 'Father of Andriod'.&quot; The New York Times. October 25, 2018. Accessed July 18, 2019.\" id=\"return-footnote-43-5\" href=\"#footnote-43-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a> Indeed, the hypocrisy revealed in the article prompted a series of walkouts in cities around the world.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Wakabayashi, Daisuke, Erin Griffith , Amie Tsang, and Kate Conger. &quot;Google Walkout: Employees Stage Protest Over Handling of Sexual Harassment.&quot; The New York Times. November 1, 2018. Accessed July 18, 2019.\" id=\"return-footnote-43-6\" href=\"#footnote-43-6\" aria-label=\"Footnote 6\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u2014a scenario discussed further in the next section.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_329\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-329\" class=\"wp-image-329\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4056\/2019\/06\/19182221\/2539334956_87cef7e457_b-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of a red and white sign reading &quot;Foreclosure&quot; in front of a house.\" width=\"350\" height=\"263\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-329\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Financial sector misrepresentation of the risk of mortgage-back securities resulted in a mortgage crisis that contributed to the Great Recession<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>In our complex economy, the impacts of unethical behavior can have national\u2014even global\u2014repercussions. Financial sector misrepresentation of the risk of mortgage-back securities resulted in a mortgage crisis that contributed to the Great Recession<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Cowley, Stacy. &quot;Morgan Stanley to Pay California $150 Million Over Mortgage Crisis Claims.&quot; The New York Times. April 25, 2019. Accessed July 18, 2019.\" id=\"return-footnote-43-7\" href=\"#footnote-43-7\" aria-label=\"Footnote 7\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[7]<\/sup><\/a> in the United States and an economic crisis globally. Of particular concern: an unethical culture, once established, can be hard to eradicate. In April 2019, five banks including Citigroup and JPMorgan agreed to pay European Union fines totaling $1.2 billion (1.07 billion euros) for foreign-exchange trading collusion. Royal Bank of Scotland Group, one of the five banks, stated that \u201cToday\u2019s fine is a further reminder of how badly the bank lost its way in the past and we absolutely condemn the behavior of those responsible. This kind of behavior has no place at the bank we are today; our culture and controls have changed fundamentally during the past ten years.\u201d<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Citigroup Hit Hardest as EU Fines Banks $1.2 Billion Over Foreign Exchange.&quot; American Banker. May 16, 2019. Accessed July 18, 2019.\" id=\"return-footnote-43-8\" href=\"#footnote-43-8\" aria-label=\"Footnote 8\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[8]<\/sup><\/a> There is obviously still work to do on implementing the culture change and associated controls. In many cases, fines are the least of the downside risks. An inability to establish and enforce an ethical culture can put the survival of a company\u2014and the interests of stakeholders\u2014at risk.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Practice Question<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_59cce246-92c4-489a-90ea-4f57732dcc40\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/59cce246-92c4-489a-90ea-4f57732dcc40?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_59cce246-92c4-489a-90ea-4f57732dcc40\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>In a report titled \u201cThe Business Case for a High-Trust Culture,\u201d Great Place to Work noted there\u2019s a strong correlation between a high-trust culture and business success. Specifically, their research found that a high-trust culture is associated with the following business outcomes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stock market returns two to three times greater than the market average.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Turnover rates that are 50 percent lower than industry competitors.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased levels of innovation, customer and patient satisfaction, employee engagement and organizational agility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-43\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Ethics in the Workplace. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Nina Burokas. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>James Damore. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Autumn Berend. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikimedia Commons. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:James_Damore.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:James_Damore.jpg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Sign of the Times u2013 Foreclosure. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Jeff Turner. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Flickr. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/respres\/2539334956\">https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/respres\/2539334956<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-43-1\">Damore, James. \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/3914586-Googles-Ideological-Echo-Chamber.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google's Ideological Echo Chamber<\/a>.\" July 2017. Accessed July 18, 2019. <a href=\"#return-footnote-43-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-43-2\">Shepardson, David. \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-congress-socialmedia\/facebook-google-accused-of-anti-conservative-bias-at-u-s-senate-hearing-idUSKCN1RM2SJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook, Google Accused of Anti-Conservative Bias at U.S. Senate Hearing<\/a>.\" Reuters. April 10, 2019. Accessed July 18, 2019. <a href=\"#return-footnote-43-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-43-3\">\"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nar.realtor\/about-nar\/history\/realtor-pledge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Realtor\u00ae Pledge<\/a>.\" National Association of Realtors\u00ae. Accessed July 18, 2019. <a href=\"#return-footnote-43-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-43-4\">\"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nar.realtor\/about-nar\/policies\/professional-standards-and-code-of-ethics\/professional-standards-training-information-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Professional Standards Training &amp; Information Resources<\/a>.\" National Association of Realtors\u00ae. Accessed July 18, 2019. <a href=\"#return-footnote-43-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-43-5\">Wakabayashi, Daisuke and Katie Benner. \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/25\/technology\/google-sexual-harassment-andy-rubin.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Google Protected Andy Rubin, the 'Father of Andriod'.<\/a>\" <em>The New York Times<\/em>. October 25, 2018. Accessed July 18, 2019. <a href=\"#return-footnote-43-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-43-6\">Wakabayashi, Daisuke, Erin Griffith , Amie Tsang, and Kate Conger. \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/01\/technology\/google-walkout-sexual-harassment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Walkout: Employees Stage Protest Over Handling of Sexual Harassment<\/a>.\" <em>The New York Times<\/em>. November 1, 2018. Accessed July 18, 2019. <a href=\"#return-footnote-43-6\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 6\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-43-7\">Cowley, Stacy. \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/04\/25\/business\/morgan-stanley-california-settlement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Morgan Stanley to Pay California $150 Million Over Mortgage Crisis Claims<\/a>.\" The New York Times. April 25, 2019. Accessed July 18, 2019. <a href=\"#return-footnote-43-7\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 7\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-43-8\">\"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanbanker.com\/articles\/citigroup-hit-hardest-as-eu-fines-banks-12-billion-over-foreign-exchange\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Citigroup Hit Hardest as EU Fines Banks $1.2 Billion Over Foreign Exchange<\/a>.\" <em>American Banker<\/em>. May 16, 2019. Accessed July 18, 2019.  <a href=\"#return-footnote-43-8\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 8\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Ethics in the Workplace\",\"author\":\"Nina Burokas\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"James Damore\",\"author\":\"Autumn Berend\",\"organization\":\"Wikimedia Commons\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:James_Damore.jpg\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Sign of the Times u2013 Foreclosure\",\"author\":\"Jeff Turner\",\"organization\":\"Flickr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/respres\/2539334956\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"849c98cd-0025-48d5-9eb0-eaad8098ebb7, d4a754f3-f54e-4635-94f1-24bbbc4caeef","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-43","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":21,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/43","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/43\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3413,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/43\/revisions\/3413"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/21"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/43\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=43"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=43"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-humanresourcesmgmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=43"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}