{"id":5744,"date":"2016-07-27T18:09:51","date_gmt":"2016-07-27T18:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/masterybusiness2xngcxmasterspring2016\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=5744"},"modified":"2024-05-02T19:34:32","modified_gmt":"2024-05-02T19:34:32","slug":"practice-equilibrium","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-introductiontobusiness\/chapter\/practice-equilibrium\/","title":{"raw":"Practice: Equilibrium","rendered":"Practice: Equilibrium"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Explain surpluses and shortages<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain equilibrium price and quantity<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nYou have seen how changes in weather can influence supply, and changes in consumer preferences can reduce demand, but what happens when both supply and demand are changing? Often, changes in an economy affect both the supply and the demand curves, making it more difficult to assess the impact on the equilibrium price. Let's review one such example.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_10230\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-10230 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2042\/2018\/05\/29195852\/mail-truck-3248139_1920-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"United States Post Office mail truck\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/> <strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> <strong>Money and Mail.\u00a0<\/strong>How do changes at the post office impact other aspects of the economy?[\/caption]\r\n\r\nFirst, consider the following questions:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Suppose postal workers are successful in obtaining a pay raise from the U.S. Postal Service. Will this affect the supply or the demand for first-class mail? Why? Which determinant of demand or supply is being affected? Show graphically with before-and-after curves on the same axes. How will this change the equilibrium price and quantity of first-class mail?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How do you imagine the invention of email and text messaging affected the market for first-class mail? Why? Which determinant of demand or supply is being affected? Show graphically with before-and-after curves on the same axes. How will this change the equilibrium price and quantity of first-class mail?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Suppose that postal workers get a pay raise,\u00a0<em>and<\/em> email and text messaging become common. What will the combined impact be on the equilibrium price and quantity of first-class mail?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nIn order to complete a complex analysis like this, it's helpful to tackle the parts separately and then combine them, while thinking about possible interactions between the two parts that might affect the overall outcome. Let's use the four-step process.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Exercise: Postal Service<\/h3>\r\n<h2>Part 1: A Pay Raise for Postal Workers<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm116915856\"><strong>Step 1<\/strong>. Draw a demand and supply model to illustrate what the market for the U.S. Postal Service looks like before this scenario starts. The demand curve D\u00a0and the supply curve S\u00a0show the original relationships.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_13864\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"350\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27223852\/5744_Part14.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-13864\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27223852\/5744_Part14-295x300.jpg\" alt=\"Graph showing a pay raise, causing a rise in production costs, which shifts the supply curve to the left. This lowers the quantity demanded and increases the price.\" width=\"350\" height=\"355\" \/><\/a> <strong>Figure 2.<\/strong> The supply and demand curves for the U.S. Postal Service after a pay raise for postal workers.[\/caption]\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp2072240\"><strong>Step 2<\/strong>. Will a pay raise for postal workers affect supply or demand?<\/p>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"337241\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"337241\"]Labor compensation is a cost of production. A change in production costs causes a change in <em>supply<\/em> for the Postal Service.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm46298080\"><strong>Step 3<\/strong>. Is the effect on supply positive or negative?<\/p>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"654161\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"654161\"]Higher labor compensation leads to a lower quantity supplied of postal services at every given price\u2014causing the supply curve for postal services to shift to the left, from S\u00a0to S<sub>1<\/sub>.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm108001552\"><strong>Step 4<\/strong>. Compare the new equilibrium price and quantity to the original equilibrium price.<\/p>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"20641\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"20641\"]The new equilibrium\u00a0occurs at a lower quantity and a higher price than the original equilibrium.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\nA pay raise for postal workers would represent an increase in the cost of production for the Postal Service. Production costs are a factor that\u00a0influences supply; thus, the pay raise should decrease the supply of first-class mail, shifting the supply curve vertically by the amount of the pay raise. Intuitively, all else held constant, the Postal Service would like to charge a higher price that\u00a0incorporates the higher cost of production. That is not to say that the higher price will stick. From the graph (Figure 1), it should be clear that at that higher price, the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded\u2014thus, there would be a surplus, indicating that the price the Postal Service desires is not an equilibrium price. Or, to put it differently, at the original price (P<sub>1<\/sub>), the decrease in supply causes a shortage, driving up the price to a new equilibrium price (P<sub>2<\/sub>). Note that the price doesn't rise by the full amount of the pay increase. In short, a leftward shift in the supply curve causes a movement up the demand curve, resulting in a lower equilibrium quantity (Q<sub>2<\/sub>) and a higher equilibrium price (P<sub>2<\/sub>).\r\n<h2>Part 2: The Effect of Email and Text Messaging<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm168055520\"><strong>Step 1<\/strong>. We've already seen how a pay raise will shift the supply curve to the left. Now let's consider how the invention of email and text messaging affects the market for first-class mail. Begin by drawing a demand and supply model reflecting this relationship.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_13860\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"350\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27002020\/5744_Part21.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-13860\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27002020\/5744_Part21-300x285.jpg\" alt=\"The invention of email and text messaging decreases the demand for the US Postal Service. This graph shows demand shifting to the left (decreasing), causing the equilibrium price and quantity demanded for the US Postal Service to go down.\" width=\"350\" height=\"333\" \/><\/a> <strong>Figure 3.<\/strong> The impact of email and text messages on the snail mail market.[\/caption]\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm133417648\"><strong>Step 2<\/strong>. Does email and text messaging affect supply or demand?<\/p>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"655707\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"655707\"]A change in tastes away from snail mail toward digital messages will cause a change in <em>demand<\/em> for the Postal Service.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm138088448\"><strong>Step 3<\/strong>. Is the effect on demand positive or negative?<\/p>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"193138\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"193138\"]A change in tastes away from snail mail toward digital messages causes lower quantity demanded of postal services at every given price, causing the demand curve for postal services to shift to the left, from D\u00a0to D<sub>1<\/sub>.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm46703552\"><strong>Step 4<\/strong>. Compare the new equilibrium price and quantity to the original equilibrium price.<\/p>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"473433\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"473433\"]The new equilibrium occurs at a lower quantity and a lower price than the original equilibrium.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\nTo summarize, since many people find email and texting more convenient than sending a letter, we can assume that tastes and preferences for first-class mail will decline. This decrease in demand is shown by a leftward shift in the demand curve and a movement along the supply curve, which creates a surplus in first-class mail at the original price (shown as P<sub>2<\/sub>). The shortage causes a decrease in the equilibrium price (to P<sub>3<\/sub>) and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity (to Q<sub>3<\/sub>). Intuitively, less demand for first-class mail leads to a lower equilibrium quantity and (<em>ceteris paribus<\/em>) a lower equilibrium price.\r\n<h2>Part 3: Combining Factors<\/h2>\r\nParts 1 and\u00a02 are straightforward, but when we put them together, it becomes more complex. Think about it this way: in Part 1, the equilibrium quantity fell due to decreased supply. In Part 2, the equilibrium quantity also fell, this time due to the decreased demand. So putting the two parts together, we would expect to see the final equilibrium quantity (Q<sub>3<\/sub>) to be smaller than the original equilibrium quantity (Q<sub>1<\/sub>). So far, so good.\r\n\r\nNow consider what happens to the price. In Part 1, the equilibrium price increased due to the reduction in supply. But in Part 2, the equilibrium price decreased due to the decrease in demand! What will happen to the equilibrium price? The net effect on price can't be determined without knowing which curve shifts more, demand or supply. The equilibrium price could increase, decrease, or stay the same. You just can't tell from graphical analysis alone.\u00a0This is not unusual. When both curves shift, typically we can determine the overall effect on price or on quantity, but not on both. In this case, we determined the overall effect on the equilibrium quantity, but not on the equilibrium price.\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_13861\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"350\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27002056\/5744_Part31.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-13861\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27002056\/5744_Part31-300x270.jpg\" alt=\"Refer to the image caption for appropriate alternative text.\" width=\"350\" height=\"315\" \/><\/a> <strong>Figure 4.<\/strong> Decreased supply and decreased demand cause the equilibrium quantity to fall (Q<sub>3<\/sub> is smaller than the original equilibrium quantity of Q<sub>1<\/sub>). It is hard to pinpoint what happens to the price, however, as it may decline with the shrinking demand, but also increase with production costs.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Practice Questions<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/29e0f69d-adf8-4c4b-9433-2b2ef86598ea\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/8cd14df6-414f-4430-800e-d5f6c8b21238\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Practice Questions<\/h3>\r\nThese questions allow you to get as much practice as you need, as you can click the link at the top of the first question (\u201cTry another version of these questions\u201d) to get a new set of questions. Practice until you feel comfortable doing the questions.\r\n\r\nNote that you will use the information provided in the first question for all of the questions on this page.\r\n\r\n[ohm_question sameseed=1]92760-92761-92762-92763-92765-92766-92768[\/ohm_question]\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Explain surpluses and shortages<\/li>\n<li>Explain equilibrium price and quantity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>You have seen how changes in weather can influence supply, and changes in consumer preferences can reduce demand, but what happens when both supply and demand are changing? Often, changes in an economy affect both the supply and the demand curves, making it more difficult to assess the impact on the equilibrium price. Let&#8217;s review one such example.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10230\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10230\" class=\"wp-image-10230 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2042\/2018\/05\/29195852\/mail-truck-3248139_1920-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"United States Post Office mail truck\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-10230\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> <strong>Money and Mail.\u00a0<\/strong>How do changes at the post office impact other aspects of the economy?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>First, consider the following questions:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Suppose postal workers are successful in obtaining a pay raise from the U.S. Postal Service. Will this affect the supply or the demand for first-class mail? Why? Which determinant of demand or supply is being affected? Show graphically with before-and-after curves on the same axes. How will this change the equilibrium price and quantity of first-class mail?<\/li>\n<li>How do you imagine the invention of email and text messaging affected the market for first-class mail? Why? Which determinant of demand or supply is being affected? Show graphically with before-and-after curves on the same axes. How will this change the equilibrium price and quantity of first-class mail?<\/li>\n<li>Suppose that postal workers get a pay raise,\u00a0<em>and<\/em> email and text messaging become common. What will the combined impact be on the equilibrium price and quantity of first-class mail?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In order to complete a complex analysis like this, it&#8217;s helpful to tackle the parts separately and then combine them, while thinking about possible interactions between the two parts that might affect the overall outcome. Let&#8217;s use the four-step process.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Exercise: Postal Service<\/h3>\n<h2>Part 1: A Pay Raise for Postal Workers<\/h2>\n<p id=\"fs-idm116915856\"><strong>Step 1<\/strong>. Draw a demand and supply model to illustrate what the market for the U.S. Postal Service looks like before this scenario starts. The demand curve D\u00a0and the supply curve S\u00a0show the original relationships.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13864\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27223852\/5744_Part14.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13864\" class=\"wp-image-13864\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27223852\/5744_Part14-295x300.jpg\" alt=\"Graph showing a pay raise, causing a rise in production costs, which shifts the supply curve to the left. This lowers the quantity demanded and increases the price.\" width=\"350\" height=\"355\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-13864\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 2.<\/strong> The supply and demand curves for the U.S. Postal Service after a pay raise for postal workers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idp2072240\"><strong>Step 2<\/strong>. Will a pay raise for postal workers affect supply or demand?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q337241\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q337241\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Labor compensation is a cost of production. A change in production costs causes a change in <em>supply<\/em> for the Postal Service.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idm46298080\"><strong>Step 3<\/strong>. Is the effect on supply positive or negative?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q654161\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q654161\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Higher labor compensation leads to a lower quantity supplied of postal services at every given price\u2014causing the supply curve for postal services to shift to the left, from S\u00a0to S<sub>1<\/sub>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idm108001552\"><strong>Step 4<\/strong>. Compare the new equilibrium price and quantity to the original equilibrium price.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q20641\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q20641\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">The new equilibrium\u00a0occurs at a lower quantity and a higher price than the original equilibrium.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>A pay raise for postal workers would represent an increase in the cost of production for the Postal Service. Production costs are a factor that\u00a0influences supply; thus, the pay raise should decrease the supply of first-class mail, shifting the supply curve vertically by the amount of the pay raise. Intuitively, all else held constant, the Postal Service would like to charge a higher price that\u00a0incorporates the higher cost of production. That is not to say that the higher price will stick. From the graph (Figure 1), it should be clear that at that higher price, the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded\u2014thus, there would be a surplus, indicating that the price the Postal Service desires is not an equilibrium price. Or, to put it differently, at the original price (P<sub>1<\/sub>), the decrease in supply causes a shortage, driving up the price to a new equilibrium price (P<sub>2<\/sub>). Note that the price doesn&#8217;t rise by the full amount of the pay increase. In short, a leftward shift in the supply curve causes a movement up the demand curve, resulting in a lower equilibrium quantity (Q<sub>2<\/sub>) and a higher equilibrium price (P<sub>2<\/sub>).<\/p>\n<h2>Part 2: The Effect of Email and Text Messaging<\/h2>\n<p id=\"fs-idm168055520\"><strong>Step 1<\/strong>. We&#8217;ve already seen how a pay raise will shift the supply curve to the left. Now let&#8217;s consider how the invention of email and text messaging affects the market for first-class mail. Begin by drawing a demand and supply model reflecting this relationship.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13860\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27002020\/5744_Part21.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13860\" class=\"wp-image-13860\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27002020\/5744_Part21-300x285.jpg\" alt=\"The invention of email and text messaging decreases the demand for the US Postal Service. This graph shows demand shifting to the left (decreasing), causing the equilibrium price and quantity demanded for the US Postal Service to go down.\" width=\"350\" height=\"333\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-13860\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 3.<\/strong> The impact of email and text messages on the snail mail market.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idm133417648\"><strong>Step 2<\/strong>. Does email and text messaging affect supply or demand?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q655707\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q655707\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">A change in tastes away from snail mail toward digital messages will cause a change in <em>demand<\/em> for the Postal Service.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idm138088448\"><strong>Step 3<\/strong>. Is the effect on demand positive or negative?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q193138\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q193138\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">A change in tastes away from snail mail toward digital messages causes lower quantity demanded of postal services at every given price, causing the demand curve for postal services to shift to the left, from D\u00a0to D<sub>1<\/sub>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idm46703552\"><strong>Step 4<\/strong>. Compare the new equilibrium price and quantity to the original equilibrium price.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q473433\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q473433\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">The new equilibrium occurs at a lower quantity and a lower price than the original equilibrium.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>To summarize, since many people find email and texting more convenient than sending a letter, we can assume that tastes and preferences for first-class mail will decline. This decrease in demand is shown by a leftward shift in the demand curve and a movement along the supply curve, which creates a surplus in first-class mail at the original price (shown as P<sub>2<\/sub>). The shortage causes a decrease in the equilibrium price (to P<sub>3<\/sub>) and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity (to Q<sub>3<\/sub>). Intuitively, less demand for first-class mail leads to a lower equilibrium quantity and (<em>ceteris paribus<\/em>) a lower equilibrium price.<\/p>\n<h2>Part 3: Combining Factors<\/h2>\n<p>Parts 1 and\u00a02 are straightforward, but when we put them together, it becomes more complex. Think about it this way: in Part 1, the equilibrium quantity fell due to decreased supply. In Part 2, the equilibrium quantity also fell, this time due to the decreased demand. So putting the two parts together, we would expect to see the final equilibrium quantity (Q<sub>3<\/sub>) to be smaller than the original equilibrium quantity (Q<sub>1<\/sub>). So far, so good.<\/p>\n<p>Now consider what happens to the price. In Part 1, the equilibrium price increased due to the reduction in supply. But in Part 2, the equilibrium price decreased due to the decrease in demand! What will happen to the equilibrium price? The net effect on price can&#8217;t be determined without knowing which curve shifts more, demand or supply. The equilibrium price could increase, decrease, or stay the same. You just can&#8217;t tell from graphical analysis alone.\u00a0This is not unusual. When both curves shift, typically we can determine the overall effect on price or on quantity, but not on both. In this case, we determined the overall effect on the equilibrium quantity, but not on the equilibrium price.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<div id=\"attachment_13861\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27002056\/5744_Part31.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13861\" class=\"wp-image-13861\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3006\/2016\/07\/27002056\/5744_Part31-300x270.jpg\" alt=\"Refer to the image caption for appropriate alternative text.\" width=\"350\" height=\"315\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-13861\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 4.<\/strong> Decreased supply and decreased demand cause the equilibrium quantity to fall (Q<sub>3<\/sub> is smaller than the original equilibrium quantity of Q<sub>1<\/sub>). It is hard to pinpoint what happens to the price, however, as it may decline with the shrinking demand, but also increase with production costs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Practice Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_29e0f69d-adf8-4c4b-9433-2b2ef86598ea\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/29e0f69d-adf8-4c4b-9433-2b2ef86598ea?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_29e0f69d-adf8-4c4b-9433-2b2ef86598ea\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_8cd14df6-414f-4430-800e-d5f6c8b21238\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/8cd14df6-414f-4430-800e-d5f6c8b21238?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_8cd14df6-414f-4430-800e-d5f6c8b21238\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Practice Questions<\/h3>\n<p>These questions allow you to get as much practice as you need, as you can click the link at the top of the first question (\u201cTry another version of these questions\u201d) to get a new set of questions. Practice until you feel comfortable doing the questions.<\/p>\n<p>Note that you will use the information provided in the first question for all of the questions on this page.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm92760\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=92760-92761-92762-92763-92765-92766-92768&theme=oea&iframe_resize_id=ohm92760&sameseed=1&show_question_numbers\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-5744\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Worked Example: Supply and Demand. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Steven Greenlaw and Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Modification, adaptation, and original content. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Problem Sets: Supply and Demand. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Mail truck. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: ArtisticOperations. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pixabay. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/mail-truck-mail-clerk-mailman-3248139\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/mail-truck-mail-clerk-mailman-3248139\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":26,"menu_order":20,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Worked Example: Supply and Demand\",\"author\":\"Steven Greenlaw and Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Mail 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