{"id":1519,"date":"2016-05-20T19:45:32","date_gmt":"2016-05-20T19:45:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontosociology-waymaker\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1519"},"modified":"2024-04-25T15:43:35","modified_gmt":"2024-04-25T15:43:35","slug":"judaism","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-introductiontosociology\/chapter\/judaism\/","title":{"raw":"Judaism","rendered":"Judaism"},"content":{"raw":"<section id=\"fs-id2019435\"><section id=\"fs-id1302670\"><\/section><section id=\"fs-id863164\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Describe the basic tenets of Judaism<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Judaism<\/h3>\r\nJudaism is the ethnic religion of the Jewish people. It is an ancient, monotheistic, Abrahamic religion that encompasses the religion, philosophy, and culture of the Jewish people. It began over 3,000 years ago and is well known through the book of both the Torah and the Old Testament called Exodus, which describes the emancipation of the Hebrews from Egyptian captivity in the thirteenth century B.C.E. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenant that God established with the Children of Israel. It encompasses a wide body of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization. The Torah is part of the larger text known as the Tanakh, or the Hebrew Bible, and is supplemented by oral tradition represented in later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. The Torah consists of the five books of Moses, which are also contained in the Christian Bible. With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth largest religion in the world.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_6505\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-6505 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2034\/2016\/05\/01200825\/683px-Hasidic_Family_in_Street_-_Borough_Park_-_Hasidic_District_-_Brooklyn-300x264.jpg\" alt=\"Family in traditional Hasidic Jewish dress walking down the street.\" width=\"300\" height=\"264\" \/> <strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. A Hasidic Jewish family in New York City.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe most important teaching of Judaism is that there is one God, who wants people to do what is just and compassionate. Judaism teaches that a person serves God by learning the holy books and doing what they teach. These teachings include both ritual actions and ethical interpretative frameworks.\u00a0Jews place an emphasis on moral behavior and action in this world as opposed to personal salvation in the next world. Like Hindus and Buddhists, the Jewish sages believed in non-violence and\u00a0taught: \u00a0\u201cAnyone who takes a single life, it is as though he has destroyed the entire world. And anyone who saves a single life, it is as though he has saved the entire world\"\u00a0[footnote]Freeman, Tzvi. 2018. \"What are Jewish Values?\" Chabad.org. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/library\/article_cdo\/aid\/3852164\/jewish\/What-Are-Jewish-Values.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/library\/article_cdo\/aid\/3852164\/jewish\/What-Are-Jewish-Values.htm<\/a>.[\/footnote]. Jews also believe in improving the world around them, as another core value is that of\u00a0<em><i><span class=\"glossary_item\">Tikkun olam<\/span><\/i>, <\/em>which translates to mean \"repair\" and \"of all time [later translated to mean the world]\"\u2014meaning they feel an obligation to fix up the world.[footnote]\"Tikun Olam: Repairing the World,\" My Jewish Learning. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/tikkun-olam-repairing-the-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/tikkun-olam-repairing-the-world\/<\/a>.[\/footnote]\u00a0Another\u00a0related value is that of<em>\u00a0tzedakah<\/em>, which translates to mean \"righteousness or justice or fairness,\" but which is often mistaken for charity. The Talmud categorizes <em>tzedakah <\/em>into eight levels with the lowest level of giving as \"begrudging\" and the highest as \"enabling the recipient to become self-reliant\" [footnote]\"Tzedekah 101,\" My Jewish Learning. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/tzedakah-101\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/tzedakah-101\/<\/a>.[\/footnote]\u00a0It is a\u00a0<em>mitzvah<\/em>, or commandment, and is one of 613 laws.\r\n\r\nToday, the largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism (Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism), Conservative Judaism, and Reform Judaism. Major sources of difference between these groups include their approaches to Jewish law, the authority of the Rabbinic tradition, and the significance of the State of Israel.\u00a0There is a wide spectrum of devotion, practice, and even appearance within Judaism, but the most visible are Orthodox Jews because they are recognized by their outward appearance. For example, one ultra-orthodox group that emphasizes conservatism and tradition are Hasidic Jews, who have a large population in\u00a0parts of Brooklyn, New York. They are recognizable by their\u00a0dress code\u2014women cover most of their bodies (shirts with sleeves below the elbows, legs covered with pantyhose, hair covered with a wig and often a hat, etc.) and men wear black coats, black hats, <em>payos\u00a0<\/em>or long curly sideburns, and full uncut beards\u00a0(sometimes brown fur hats depending on the sect and time of year and\/or holiday), and sometimes white stockings (depending on the type of Orthodox Jewish sect). At the other end of the spectrum is Reformed Judaism, which permits women to be rabbis and does not require strict observance to the laws found in the Torah.\r\n\r\nAlthough Jews make up a very small percentage of the global population (0.2%), most people around the world are familiar with Jewish culture and practices, and some historical facts.\u00a0Children all over the world are taught about the genocide that occurred during World War II when 6 million Jews were killed in Europe during the Holocaust. In New York City, public schools observe many of the major Jewish holidays including Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, Sukkot, and Passover. Foods associated with traditional Jewish culture like bagels and lox, knish, latkes, and babka are enjoyed widely.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Link to Learning: Understanding the ISraeli-Palestinian Conflict<\/h3>\r\nJews and Muslims both claim a religious tie to the land in Israel and Palestine, not only because both religions had major events take place there and are deeply rooted in the area, but because both claim that they were promised the land by God, through Abraham. Abraham had more than one son, however, and descendants from Isaac were predominantly Jewish and descendants from Ishmael became predominantly Muslim. This contention is important today, as there is frequent geo-political news surrounding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israel as a nation did not come into existence until and after World War II, and the area is continually plagued by conflict. You can learn more about it through this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1wo2TLlMhiw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crash Course video \"Conflict in Israel and Palestine.\"<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\r\nLearn more about the basic beliefs and practices of Judaism in this short video.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=3648547&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=xJbg_cXYFyM&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-rnxbmzom-xJbg_cXYFyM\" width=\"800px\" height=\"520px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Link to Learning: Judaism in America<\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"color: #333333;\">To learn more about the Orthodox Jewish communities in New York City, please click on this link to PBS's <a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/alifeapart\/intro_2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Life Apart: Hasidism in America.\u00a0<\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\">You could also search for a 2017 Netflix documentary titled\u00a0<em>One of Us, <\/em>which looked at the lives of three Hasidic Jews who left their religious communities.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/7137324a-2876-4afd-ac8e-6f054108f7fe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/section>","rendered":"<section id=\"fs-id2019435\">\n<section id=\"fs-id1302670\"><\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-id863164\">\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe the basic tenets of Judaism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Judaism<\/h3>\n<p>Judaism is the ethnic religion of the Jewish people. It is an ancient, monotheistic, Abrahamic religion that encompasses the religion, philosophy, and culture of the Jewish people. It began over 3,000 years ago and is well known through the book of both the Torah and the Old Testament called Exodus, which describes the emancipation of the Hebrews from Egyptian captivity in the thirteenth century B.C.E. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenant that God established with the Children of Israel. It encompasses a wide body of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization. The Torah is part of the larger text known as the Tanakh, or the Hebrew Bible, and is supplemented by oral tradition represented in later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. The Torah consists of the five books of Moses, which are also contained in the Christian Bible. With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth largest religion in the world.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6505\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6505\" class=\"wp-image-6505 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2034\/2016\/05\/01200825\/683px-Hasidic_Family_in_Street_-_Borough_Park_-_Hasidic_District_-_Brooklyn-300x264.jpg\" alt=\"Family in traditional Hasidic Jewish dress walking down the street.\" width=\"300\" height=\"264\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-6505\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. A Hasidic Jewish family in New York City.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The most important teaching of Judaism is that there is one God, who wants people to do what is just and compassionate. Judaism teaches that a person serves God by learning the holy books and doing what they teach. These teachings include both ritual actions and ethical interpretative frameworks.\u00a0Jews place an emphasis on moral behavior and action in this world as opposed to personal salvation in the next world. Like Hindus and Buddhists, the Jewish sages believed in non-violence and\u00a0taught: \u00a0\u201cAnyone who takes a single life, it is as though he has destroyed the entire world. And anyone who saves a single life, it is as though he has saved the entire world&#8221;\u00a0<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Freeman, Tzvi. 2018. &quot;What are Jewish Values?&quot; Chabad.org. https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/library\/article_cdo\/aid\/3852164\/jewish\/What-Are-Jewish-Values.htm.\" id=\"return-footnote-1519-1\" href=\"#footnote-1519-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Jews also believe in improving the world around them, as another core value is that of\u00a0<em><i><span class=\"glossary_item\">Tikkun olam<\/span><\/i>, <\/em>which translates to mean &#8220;repair&#8221; and &#8220;of all time [later translated to mean the world]&#8221;\u2014meaning they feel an obligation to fix up the world.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Tikun Olam: Repairing the World,&quot; My Jewish Learning. https:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/tikkun-olam-repairing-the-world\/.\" id=\"return-footnote-1519-2\" href=\"#footnote-1519-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Another\u00a0related value is that of<em>\u00a0tzedakah<\/em>, which translates to mean &#8220;righteousness or justice or fairness,&#8221; but which is often mistaken for charity. The Talmud categorizes <em>tzedakah <\/em>into eight levels with the lowest level of giving as &#8220;begrudging&#8221; and the highest as &#8220;enabling the recipient to become self-reliant&#8221; <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Tzedekah 101,&quot; My Jewish Learning. https:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/tzedakah-101\/.\" id=\"return-footnote-1519-3\" href=\"#footnote-1519-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0It is a\u00a0<em>mitzvah<\/em>, or commandment, and is one of 613 laws.<\/p>\n<p>Today, the largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism (Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism), Conservative Judaism, and Reform Judaism. Major sources of difference between these groups include their approaches to Jewish law, the authority of the Rabbinic tradition, and the significance of the State of Israel.\u00a0There is a wide spectrum of devotion, practice, and even appearance within Judaism, but the most visible are Orthodox Jews because they are recognized by their outward appearance. For example, one ultra-orthodox group that emphasizes conservatism and tradition are Hasidic Jews, who have a large population in\u00a0parts of Brooklyn, New York. They are recognizable by their\u00a0dress code\u2014women cover most of their bodies (shirts with sleeves below the elbows, legs covered with pantyhose, hair covered with a wig and often a hat, etc.) and men wear black coats, black hats, <em>payos\u00a0<\/em>or long curly sideburns, and full uncut beards\u00a0(sometimes brown fur hats depending on the sect and time of year and\/or holiday), and sometimes white stockings (depending on the type of Orthodox Jewish sect). At the other end of the spectrum is Reformed Judaism, which permits women to be rabbis and does not require strict observance to the laws found in the Torah.<\/p>\n<p>Although Jews make up a very small percentage of the global population (0.2%), most people around the world are familiar with Jewish culture and practices, and some historical facts.\u00a0Children all over the world are taught about the genocide that occurred during World War II when 6 million Jews were killed in Europe during the Holocaust. In New York City, public schools observe many of the major Jewish holidays including Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, Sukkot, and Passover. Foods associated with traditional Jewish culture like bagels and lox, knish, latkes, and babka are enjoyed widely.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Link to Learning: Understanding the ISraeli-Palestinian Conflict<\/h3>\n<p>Jews and Muslims both claim a religious tie to the land in Israel and Palestine, not only because both religions had major events take place there and are deeply rooted in the area, but because both claim that they were promised the land by God, through Abraham. Abraham had more than one son, however, and descendants from Isaac were predominantly Jewish and descendants from Ishmael became predominantly Muslim. This contention is important today, as there is frequent geo-political news surrounding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israel as a nation did not come into existence until and after World War II, and the area is continually plagued by conflict. You can learn more about it through this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1wo2TLlMhiw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crash Course video &#8220;Conflict in Israel and Palestine.&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\n<p>Learn more about the basic beliefs and practices of Judaism in this short video.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=3648547&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=xJbg_cXYFyM&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-rnxbmzom-xJbg_cXYFyM\" width=\"800px\" height=\"520px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Link to Learning: Judaism in America<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">To learn more about the Orthodox Jewish communities in New York City, please click on this link to PBS&#8217;s <a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/alifeapart\/intro_2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Life Apart: Hasidism in America.\u00a0<\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\">You could also search for a 2017 Netflix documentary titled\u00a0<em>One of Us, <\/em>which looked at the lives of three Hasidic Jews who left their religious communities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_7137324a-2876-4afd-ac8e-6f054108f7fe\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/7137324a-2876-4afd-ac8e-6f054108f7fe?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_7137324a-2876-4afd-ac8e-6f054108f7fe\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1519\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>World Religions. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: OpenStax CNX. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/AgQDEnLI@10.1:k-vms25Q@4\/World-Religions\">https:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/AgQDEnLI@10.1:k-vms25Q@4\/World-Religions<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/02040312-72c8-441e-a685-20e9333f3e1d@3.49<\/li><li>Hasidic Family. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/images.app.goo.gl\/duBEkQF5HKy2WaAu9\">https:\/\/images.app.goo.gl\/duBEkQF5HKy2WaAu9<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Judaism. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judaism\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judaism<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Modification, adaptation, and original content. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Sarah Hoiland and Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Judaism Beliefs. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judaism\">https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judaism<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Introduction to Judaism | Belief | Oprah Winfrey Network. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OWN. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xJbg_cXYFyM\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xJbg_cXYFyM<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-1519-1\">Freeman, Tzvi. 2018. \"What are Jewish Values?\" Chabad.org. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/library\/article_cdo\/aid\/3852164\/jewish\/What-Are-Jewish-Values.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/library\/article_cdo\/aid\/3852164\/jewish\/What-Are-Jewish-Values.htm<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1519-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1519-2\">\"Tikun Olam: Repairing the World,\" My Jewish Learning. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/tikkun-olam-repairing-the-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/tikkun-olam-repairing-the-world\/<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1519-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1519-3\">\"Tzedekah 101,\" My Jewish Learning. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/tzedakah-101\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/tzedakah-101\/<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1519-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":10,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"World Religions\",\"author\":\"OpenStax CNX\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/AgQDEnLI@10.1:k-vms25Q@4\/World-Religions\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/02040312-72c8-441e-a685-20e9333f3e1d@3.49\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Introduction to Judaism | Belief | Oprah Winfrey Network\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OWN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xJbg_cXYFyM\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Hasidic Family\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/images.app.goo.gl\/duBEkQF5HKy2WaAu9\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Judaism\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judaism\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Modification, adaptation, and original content\",\"author\":\"Sarah Hoiland and Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Judaism Beliefs\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judaism\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"dec25abf-d7ae-407b-aef2-8adc2f69e67f, 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