{"id":37,"date":"2016-04-16T20:25:38","date_gmt":"2016-04-16T20:25:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontosociology-waymaker\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=37"},"modified":"2024-04-25T03:13:56","modified_gmt":"2024-04-25T03:13:56","slug":"reading-why-study-sociology","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-introductiontosociology\/chapter\/reading-why-study-sociology\/","title":{"raw":"Why Study Sociology?","rendered":"Why Study Sociology?"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Explain the value in studying sociology<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"261\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/120\/2016\/04\/15204111\/Figure_01_04_01b.jpg\" alt=\"Sociologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark.\" width=\"261\" height=\"333\" \/> <strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> The research of sociologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark helped the Supreme Court decide to end \u201cseparate but equal\u201d racial segregation in schools in the United States. (Photo courtesy of public domain)[\/caption]\r\n\r\nWhen Elizabeth Eckford tried to enter Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957, she was met by an angry crowd. But she knew she had the law on her side. Three years earlier in the landmark <em>Brown vs. the Board of Education<\/em> case, the U.S. Supreme Court had overturned twenty-one state laws that allowed Blacks and whites to be taught in separate school systems as long as the school systems were \u201cequal.\u201d One of the major factors influencing that decision was research conducted by the husband-and-wife team of sociologists, Kenneth and Mamie Clark. Their research showed that segregation was harmful to young Black schoolchildren, and the Court found that harm to be unconstitutional.\r\n\r\nSince it was first founded, many people interested in sociology have been driven by the scholarly desire to contribute knowledge to this field, while others have seen it as way not only to study society but to improve it. Besides desegregation, sociology has played a crucial role in many important social reforms, such as equal opportunity for women in the workplace, improved treatment for individuals with mental handicaps or learning disabilities, increased accessibility and accommodation for people with physical handicaps, the right of native populations to preserve their land and culture, and prison system reforms.\r\n\r\nThe prominent sociologist Peter L. Berger (1929\u2013 ), in his book <em>Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective\u00a0<\/em>(1963), describes a sociologist as \"someone concerned with understanding society in a disciplined way.\" He asserts that sociologists have a natural interest in the monumental moments of people\u2019s lives, as well as a fascination with banal, everyday occurrences. Berger also describes the \u201caha\u201d moment when a sociological theory becomes applicable and understood:\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div>[T]here is a deceptive simplicity and obviousness about some sociological investigations. One reads them, nods at the familiar scene, remarks that one has heard all this before and don't people have better things to do than to waste their time on truisms\u2014until one is suddenly brought up against an insight that radically questions everything one had previously assumed about this familiar scene. This is the point at which one begins to sense the excitement of sociology. (Berger 1963)<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\nSociology can be exciting because it teaches people ways to recognize how they fit into the world and how others perceive them. Looking at themselves and society from a sociological perspective helps people see where they connect to different groups based on the many different ways they classify themselves and how society classifies them in turn. It raises awareness of how those classifications\u2014such as economic and social status, education, ethnicity, or sexual orientation\u2014affect perceptions.\r\n\r\nSociology teaches people not to accept easy explanations. It teaches them a way to organize their thinking so that they can ask better questions and formulate better answers. It makes people more aware that there are many different kinds of people in the world who do not necessarily think the way they do. It increases their willingness and ability to try to see the world from other people's perspectives. This prepares them to live and work in an increasingly diverse and integrated world.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\r\nWatch this video to review the basics of sociology and to see examples of how sociology plays an important role in your daily life.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?height=470px&amp;mf=1281278&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=369&amp;video_id=bZYq_r4VXuA&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-dcalquqo-bZYq_r4VXuA&amp;width=800px\" width=\"800px\" height=\"470px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<section>\r\n<h2>Sociology in the Workplace<\/h2>\r\nEmployers continue to seek people with what are called \u201ctransferable skills.\u201d This means that they want to hire people whose knowledge and education can be applied in a variety of settings and whose skills will contribute to various tasks. Studying sociology can provide people with this wide knowledge and a skill set that can contribute to many workplaces, including\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>an understanding of social systems and large bureaucracies<\/li>\r\n \t<li>the ability to devise and carry out research projects to assess whether a program or policy is working<\/li>\r\n \t<li>the ability to collect, read, and analyze statistical information from polls or surveys<\/li>\r\n \t<li>the ability to recognize important differences in people\u2019s social, cultural, and economic backgrounds<\/li>\r\n \t<li>the ability to prepare reports and communicate complex ideas<\/li>\r\n \t<li>the capacity for critical thinking about social issues and problems that confront modern society\u00a0(Department of Sociology, University of Alabama)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSociology prepares people for a wide variety of careers. Besides actually conducting social research or training others in the field, people who graduate from college with a degree in sociology are hired by government agencies and corporations in fields such as social services, counseling (e.g., family planning, career, substance abuse), community planning, health services, marketing, market research, and human resources. Even a small amount of training in sociology can be an asset in careers like sales, public relations, journalism, teaching, law, and criminal justice.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Please \u201cFriend\u201d Me: Students and Social Networking<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm232412592\" class=\" \">You\u2019ve probably heard a cautionary story that goes something like this: A high school student spent years working hard, engaging in their community, helping others, and generally growing into a positive and promising young adult. During senior year, they start the college application process, and after a couple of interviews and other interactions, things are looking bright at several of their top choices. But when the time arrives for those fateful notifications about acceptance or rejection, the student and their family are shocked to get rejected from all schools but one. Inquiries from family members and guidance counselors had no results. The only news came in the form of a letter three weeks later from the one school that had accepted the student.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm247543520\" class=\" \">\u201c...After an initial investigation, the University has determined that several posts attributed to you violate our policies, and are offensive and troubling...\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm252860912\" class=\" \">The letter\u2019s remaining two pages detailed the ongoing investigation and outlined the potential outcomes. But that one statement said it all: The student had posted something offensive on social media, and their prospective colleges had found it.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm246454464\" class=\" \">Two years earlier, at the beginning of sophomore year, the student had posted two comments and a meme that mocked a classmate who had been assaulted at a party. Even thought the student had removed them within a few days, the posts lived on in other forums and on a few friends\u2019 pages; there was also the possibility that someone had screen-grabbed them. While social media posts are protected forms of speech in relation to the government, colleges can review them as they evaluate applicants. Employers can do the same, as can romantic partners or even volunteer organizations.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm253860672\" class=\" \">You may believe that a 15-year-old\u2019s social media comments should not impact them years later. Or you may feel that someone who jokes about assault may be a risk to commit a similar act or fail to stop or report one. Sociologists may consider all of those assumptions, and may seek answers or information through research to uncover the impacts, risks, tendencies, and outcomes on the different groups involved. For example, a sociologist might work to discover answers to the following questions:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul id=\"fs-idm262874640\">\r\n \t<li>Is abusive speech or assault less likely to occur at colleges that screen applicants\u2019 social media posts?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do sensitivity trainings or cultural competency programs have an effect on online speech?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do colleges treat all community members equally when they discover someone has posted offensive comments or other content?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Are algorithms and artificial intelligence used to detect problematic comments biased against certain people or communities?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm237555328\" class=\" \">None of these questions could be answered by a single study or even a group of them. But like the Supreme Court\u2019s use of Mamie and Kenneth Clarke\u2019s research, college administrators, high school counselors, and technology companies can use the outcomes of research and analysis to make decisions or implement programs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/44101131-7086-43db-a78b-e4720547cee4\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/449b4312-b6e3-44e2-b227-c2e7bf62bb6e\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/00e8f064-2cfc-455c-9ca7-a9ec330a9264\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Think It Over<\/h3>\r\n<div id=\"fs-id1169033056427\" class=\"exercise\"><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-id1169033069229\" class=\"problem\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li id=\"import-auto-id2789825\">How do you think taking a sociology course might affect your social interactions?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What sort of career are you interested in? How could studying sociology help you in this career?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Explain the value in studying sociology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 271px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/120\/2016\/04\/15204111\/Figure_01_04_01b.jpg\" alt=\"Sociologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark.\" width=\"261\" height=\"333\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> The research of sociologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark helped the Supreme Court decide to end \u201cseparate but equal\u201d racial segregation in schools in the United States. (Photo courtesy of public domain)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>When Elizabeth Eckford tried to enter Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957, she was met by an angry crowd. But she knew she had the law on her side. Three years earlier in the landmark <em>Brown vs. the Board of Education<\/em> case, the U.S. Supreme Court had overturned twenty-one state laws that allowed Blacks and whites to be taught in separate school systems as long as the school systems were \u201cequal.\u201d One of the major factors influencing that decision was research conducted by the husband-and-wife team of sociologists, Kenneth and Mamie Clark. Their research showed that segregation was harmful to young Black schoolchildren, and the Court found that harm to be unconstitutional.<\/p>\n<p>Since it was first founded, many people interested in sociology have been driven by the scholarly desire to contribute knowledge to this field, while others have seen it as way not only to study society but to improve it. Besides desegregation, sociology has played a crucial role in many important social reforms, such as equal opportunity for women in the workplace, improved treatment for individuals with mental handicaps or learning disabilities, increased accessibility and accommodation for people with physical handicaps, the right of native populations to preserve their land and culture, and prison system reforms.<\/p>\n<p>The prominent sociologist Peter L. Berger (1929\u2013 ), in his book <em>Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective\u00a0<\/em>(1963), describes a sociologist as &#8220;someone concerned with understanding society in a disciplined way.&#8221; He asserts that sociologists have a natural interest in the monumental moments of people\u2019s lives, as well as a fascination with banal, everyday occurrences. Berger also describes the \u201caha\u201d moment when a sociological theory becomes applicable and understood:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div>[T]here is a deceptive simplicity and obviousness about some sociological investigations. One reads them, nods at the familiar scene, remarks that one has heard all this before and don&#8217;t people have better things to do than to waste their time on truisms\u2014until one is suddenly brought up against an insight that radically questions everything one had previously assumed about this familiar scene. This is the point at which one begins to sense the excitement of sociology. (Berger 1963)<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Sociology can be exciting because it teaches people ways to recognize how they fit into the world and how others perceive them. Looking at themselves and society from a sociological perspective helps people see where they connect to different groups based on the many different ways they classify themselves and how society classifies them in turn. It raises awareness of how those classifications\u2014such as economic and social status, education, ethnicity, or sexual orientation\u2014affect perceptions.<\/p>\n<p>Sociology teaches people not to accept easy explanations. It teaches them a way to organize their thinking so that they can ask better questions and formulate better answers. It makes people more aware that there are many different kinds of people in the world who do not necessarily think the way they do. It increases their willingness and ability to try to see the world from other people&#8217;s perspectives. This prepares them to live and work in an increasingly diverse and integrated world.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\n<p>Watch this video to review the basics of sociology and to see examples of how sociology plays an important role in your daily life.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?height=470px&amp;mf=1281278&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=369&amp;video_id=bZYq_r4VXuA&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-dcalquqo-bZYq_r4VXuA&amp;width=800px\" width=\"800px\" height=\"470px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<section>\n<h2>Sociology in the Workplace<\/h2>\n<p>Employers continue to seek people with what are called \u201ctransferable skills.\u201d This means that they want to hire people whose knowledge and education can be applied in a variety of settings and whose skills will contribute to various tasks. Studying sociology can provide people with this wide knowledge and a skill set that can contribute to many workplaces, including<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>an understanding of social systems and large bureaucracies<\/li>\n<li>the ability to devise and carry out research projects to assess whether a program or policy is working<\/li>\n<li>the ability to collect, read, and analyze statistical information from polls or surveys<\/li>\n<li>the ability to recognize important differences in people\u2019s social, cultural, and economic backgrounds<\/li>\n<li>the ability to prepare reports and communicate complex ideas<\/li>\n<li>the capacity for critical thinking about social issues and problems that confront modern society\u00a0(Department of Sociology, University of Alabama)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sociology prepares people for a wide variety of careers. Besides actually conducting social research or training others in the field, people who graduate from college with a degree in sociology are hired by government agencies and corporations in fields such as social services, counseling (e.g., family planning, career, substance abuse), community planning, health services, marketing, market research, and human resources. Even a small amount of training in sociology can be an asset in careers like sales, public relations, journalism, teaching, law, and criminal justice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Please \u201cFriend\u201d Me: Students and Social Networking<\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-idm232412592\" class=\"\">You\u2019ve probably heard a cautionary story that goes something like this: A high school student spent years working hard, engaging in their community, helping others, and generally growing into a positive and promising young adult. During senior year, they start the college application process, and after a couple of interviews and other interactions, things are looking bright at several of their top choices. But when the time arrives for those fateful notifications about acceptance or rejection, the student and their family are shocked to get rejected from all schools but one. Inquiries from family members and guidance counselors had no results. The only news came in the form of a letter three weeks later from the one school that had accepted the student.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idm247543520\" class=\"\">\u201c&#8230;After an initial investigation, the University has determined that several posts attributed to you violate our policies, and are offensive and troubling&#8230;\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idm252860912\" class=\"\">The letter\u2019s remaining two pages detailed the ongoing investigation and outlined the potential outcomes. But that one statement said it all: The student had posted something offensive on social media, and their prospective colleges had found it.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idm246454464\" class=\"\">Two years earlier, at the beginning of sophomore year, the student had posted two comments and a meme that mocked a classmate who had been assaulted at a party. Even thought the student had removed them within a few days, the posts lived on in other forums and on a few friends\u2019 pages; there was also the possibility that someone had screen-grabbed them. While social media posts are protected forms of speech in relation to the government, colleges can review them as they evaluate applicants. Employers can do the same, as can romantic partners or even volunteer organizations.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idm253860672\" class=\"\">You may believe that a 15-year-old\u2019s social media comments should not impact them years later. Or you may feel that someone who jokes about assault may be a risk to commit a similar act or fail to stop or report one. Sociologists may consider all of those assumptions, and may seek answers or information through research to uncover the impacts, risks, tendencies, and outcomes on the different groups involved. For example, a sociologist might work to discover answers to the following questions:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"fs-idm262874640\">\n<li>Is abusive speech or assault less likely to occur at colleges that screen applicants\u2019 social media posts?<\/li>\n<li>Do sensitivity trainings or cultural competency programs have an effect on online speech?<\/li>\n<li>Do colleges treat all community members equally when they discover someone has posted offensive comments or other content?<\/li>\n<li>Are algorithms and artificial intelligence used to detect problematic comments biased against certain people or communities?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"fs-idm237555328\" class=\"\">None of these questions could be answered by a single study or even a group of them. But like the Supreme Court\u2019s use of Mamie and Kenneth Clarke\u2019s research, college administrators, high school counselors, and technology companies can use the outcomes of research and analysis to make decisions or implement programs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_44101131-7086-43db-a78b-e4720547cee4\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/44101131-7086-43db-a78b-e4720547cee4?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_44101131-7086-43db-a78b-e4720547cee4\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_449b4312-b6e3-44e2-b227-c2e7bf62bb6e\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/449b4312-b6e3-44e2-b227-c2e7bf62bb6e?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_449b4312-b6e3-44e2-b227-c2e7bf62bb6e\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_00e8f064-2cfc-455c-9ca7-a9ec330a9264\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/00e8f064-2cfc-455c-9ca7-a9ec330a9264?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_00e8f064-2cfc-455c-9ca7-a9ec330a9264\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Think It Over<\/h3>\n<div id=\"fs-id1169033056427\" class=\"exercise\">\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-id1169033069229\" class=\"problem\">\n<ul>\n<li id=\"import-auto-id2789825\">How do you think taking a sociology course might affect your social interactions?<\/li>\n<li>What sort of career are you interested in? How could studying sociology help you in this career?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-37\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Why Study Sociology?. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: OpenStax CNX. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/AgQDEnLI@10.1:JHjddfwj\/Why-Study-Sociology\">https:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/AgQDEnLI@10.1:JHjddfwj\/Why-Study-Sociology<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/02040312-72c8-441e-a685-20e9333f3e1d@3.49<\/li><li>Why Study Sociology?. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introduction-sociology-3e\/pages\/1-4-why-study-sociology\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introduction-sociology-3e\/pages\/1-4-why-study-sociology<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introduction-sociology-3e\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Sociology video. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Cindy Hager. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Sociology Live!. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bZYq_r4VXuA\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bZYq_r4VXuA<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Why Study Sociology?\",\"author\":\"OpenStax CNX\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/AgQDEnLI@10.1:JHjddfwj\/Why-Study-Sociology\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/02040312-72c8-441e-a685-20e9333f3e1d@3.49\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Sociology video\",\"author\":\"Cindy Hager\",\"organization\":\"Sociology Live!\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bZYq_r4VXuA\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Why Study Sociology?\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax College\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introduction-sociology-3e\/pages\/1-4-why-study-sociology\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introduction-sociology-3e\/pages\/1-introduction\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"408e5ce1-3e33-456b-acc2-8bbb93ad4c67, 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