{"id":2256,"date":"2019-03-07T01:49:35","date_gmt":"2019-03-07T01:49:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2256"},"modified":"2024-04-30T19:53:04","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T19:53:04","slug":"attitudes-about-aging","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/chapter\/attitudes-about-aging\/","title":{"raw":"Attitudes about Aging","rendered":"Attitudes about Aging"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Describe attitudes about\u00a0aging<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Attitudes about Aging<\/h2>\r\nStereotypes about people of in late adulthood lead many to assume that aging automatically brings poor health and mental decline.\u00a0These stereotypes are reflected in everyday conversations, the media and even in greeting cards (Overstreet, 2006).\u00a0The following examples serve to illustrate.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">1) Grandpa, fishing pole in one hand, pipe in the other, sits on the ground and completes a story being told to his grandson with \". . . and that, Jimmy, is the tale of my very first colonoscopy.\"\u00a0The message inside the card reads, \"Welcome to the gross personal story years.\"\u00a0(Shoebox, A Division of Hallmark Cards.)<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">2) An older woman in a barber shop cuts the hair of an older, dozing man.\u00a0\"So, what do you say today, Earl?\" she asks.\u00a0The inside message reads, \"Welcome to the age where pretty much anyplace is a good place for a nap.\"\u00a0(Shoebox, A Division of Hallmark Cards.)<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">3) A crotchety old man with wire glasses, a crumpled hat, and a bow tie grimaces and the card reads, \"Another year older?\u00a0You're at the age where you should start eatin' right, exercisin', and takin' vitamins . . .\"\u00a0The inside reads, \"Of course you're also at the age where you can ignore advice by actin like you can't hear it.\"\u00a0(Hallmark Cards, Inc.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5845\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"]<img class=\"wp-image-5845 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3707\/2019\/03\/12151109\/ch4-figure9.jpg\" alt=\"Word cloud showing large words life slow, forgetful, vulnerable, grumpy, frail, old, poor, sick, lonely, and medium-sized words like useless, helpless, drivers, boring, burden, victims, bad. Smaller words are wise, retired, senior, costly, help, need, and active.\" width=\"800\" height=\"352\" \/> <strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Word used to describe older adults are often negative and biased. Research by the Australain Human Rights Commusion polled people on the following question: \"Thinking about everything you see and hear in the media (including on TV, online, on the radio and in newspapers and magazines), how does the media portray older people?\" Their responses are listed here, with the larger words being listed more often. Retrieved from the\u00a0https:\/\/www.humanrights.gov.au\/our-work\/chapter-4-role-and-influence-media.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nOf course, these cards are made because they are popular.\u00a0Age is not revered in the United States, and so laughing about getting older is one way to get relief.\u00a0The attitudes above\u00a0are examples of\u00a0ageism,\u00a0prejudice based on age.\u00a0<strong>Ageism<\/strong> is prejudice and discrimination that is directed at older people. This view suggests that older people are less in command of their mental faculties. Older people are viewed more negatively than younger people on a variety of traits, particularly those relating to general competence and attractiveness.\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1em;\">Stereotypes such as these can lead to a\u00a0self-fulfilling prophecy\u00a0in which beliefs about one's ability results in actions that make it come true.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_3771\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"240\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3707\/2014\/09\/21142603\/people-887815_1920.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-3771 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3707\/2014\/09\/21142603\/people-887815_1920-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"Headshot of elderly black man.\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a> <strong>Figure 2<\/strong>. What comes to mind when you think about a person over the age 65? Do you view this picture of an older gentleman as positive or negative, capable and independent or frail and needing assistance?[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAgeism is a modern and predominately western cultural phenomenon\u2014in the American colonial period, long life was an indication of virtue, and Asian and Native American societies view older people as wise, storehouses of information about the past,\u00a0and deserving of respect<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">. Many preindustrial societies observed\u00a0<strong>gerontocracy<\/strong>, a type of social structure wherein the power is held by a society\u2019s oldest members. In some countries today, older adults still have influence and power and their vast knowledge is respected, but this reverence has decreased in many places due to social factors. A positive, optimistic outlook about aging and the impact one can have on improving health is essential to health and longevity.\u00a0Removing societal stereotypes about aging and helping older adults reject those notions of aging is another way to promote health in older populations.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn addition to ageism, racism is yet another concern for marginalized populations as they age. The number of Black Americans above the age of 65 is projected to grow from around 4 million now to 12 million by 2060. Racism towards Black people and other marginalized groups throughout their lifetime results in many older marginalized people having fewer resources, more chronic health conditions, and significant health disparities when compared to\u00a0older white Americans.\u00a0Racism towards\u00a0older adults\u00a0from diverse backgrounds\u00a0has resulted in<span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">\u00a0<\/span>them having limited access to community resources such as grocery stores, housing, health care providers, and transportation.[footnote]African American Older Adults and Race-Related Stress How Aging and Health-Care Providers Can Help. American Psychological Association. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/aging\/resources\/african-american-stress.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/aging\/resources\/african-american-stress.pdf<\/a>.[\/footnote]\r\n<h2>Elderly Abuse<\/h2>\r\nNursing homes have been publicized as places where older adults are at risk of abuse.\u00a0Abuse and neglect of nursing home residents is more often found in facilities that are run down and understaffed.\u00a0However, older adults are more frequently abused by family members.\u00a0The\u00a0most commonly reported types of abuse are financial abuse and neglect.\u00a0Victims are usually very frail and impaired and perpetrators are usually dependent on the victims for support.\u00a0Prosecuting a family member who has financially abused a parent is very difficult.\u00a0The\u00a0victim may be reluctant to press charges and the court dockets are often very full resulting in long waits before a case is heard. \"Granny dumping\" or the practice of family members abandoning older family members with severe disabilities in emergency rooms is a growing problem; an estimated 100,000 and 200,000 are dumped each year (Tanne in Berk, 2007).\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\r\nThis clip from the Big Think examines some of the negative prejudices towards older adults.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oX3Lw5JMRi4[\/embed]\r\n\r\nYou can <a href=\"https:\/\/oerfiles.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Lifespan+Development\/Transcriptions\/AgeismInTheUSATheParadoxofPrejudiceAgainstTheElderly_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">view the transcript for \"Ageism in the USA: The paradox of prejudice against the elderly\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n\r\nYou can watch another video from Ashton Applewhite in this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WfjzkO6_DEI\">TED talk \"Let's End Ageism.\"<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/79fc2535-c29b-4336-a61e-96af436d4bcb\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Glossary<\/h3>\r\n[glossary-page]\r\n[glossary-term]ageism:[\/glossary-term]\r\n[glossary-definition]discrimination based on age[\/glossary-definition]\r\n\r\n[glossary-term]gerontocracy:[\/glossary-term]\r\n[glossary-definition]a type of social structure wherein the power is held by a society\u2019s oldest members[\/glossary-definition]\r\n[\/glossary-page]\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe attitudes about\u00a0aging<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Attitudes about Aging<\/h2>\n<p>Stereotypes about people of in late adulthood lead many to assume that aging automatically brings poor health and mental decline.\u00a0These stereotypes are reflected in everyday conversations, the media and even in greeting cards (Overstreet, 2006).\u00a0The following examples serve to illustrate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">1) Grandpa, fishing pole in one hand, pipe in the other, sits on the ground and completes a story being told to his grandson with &#8220;. . . and that, Jimmy, is the tale of my very first colonoscopy.&#8221;\u00a0The message inside the card reads, &#8220;Welcome to the gross personal story years.&#8221;\u00a0(Shoebox, A Division of Hallmark Cards.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">2) An older woman in a barber shop cuts the hair of an older, dozing man.\u00a0&#8220;So, what do you say today, Earl?&#8221; she asks.\u00a0The inside message reads, &#8220;Welcome to the age where pretty much anyplace is a good place for a nap.&#8221;\u00a0(Shoebox, A Division of Hallmark Cards.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">3) A crotchety old man with wire glasses, a crumpled hat, and a bow tie grimaces and the card reads, &#8220;Another year older?\u00a0You&#8217;re at the age where you should start eatin&#8217; right, exercisin&#8217;, and takin&#8217; vitamins . . .&#8221;\u00a0The inside reads, &#8220;Of course you&#8217;re also at the age where you can ignore advice by actin like you can&#8217;t hear it.&#8221;\u00a0(Hallmark Cards, Inc.)<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5845\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5845\" class=\"wp-image-5845 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3707\/2019\/03\/12151109\/ch4-figure9.jpg\" alt=\"Word cloud showing large words life slow, forgetful, vulnerable, grumpy, frail, old, poor, sick, lonely, and medium-sized words like useless, helpless, drivers, boring, burden, victims, bad. Smaller words are wise, retired, senior, costly, help, need, and active.\" width=\"800\" height=\"352\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-5845\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Word used to describe older adults are often negative and biased. Research by the Australain Human Rights Commusion polled people on the following question: &#8220;Thinking about everything you see and hear in the media (including on TV, online, on the radio and in newspapers and magazines), how does the media portray older people?&#8221; Their responses are listed here, with the larger words being listed more often. Retrieved from the\u00a0https:\/\/www.humanrights.gov.au\/our-work\/chapter-4-role-and-influence-media.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Of course, these cards are made because they are popular.\u00a0Age is not revered in the United States, and so laughing about getting older is one way to get relief.\u00a0The attitudes above\u00a0are examples of\u00a0ageism,\u00a0prejudice based on age.\u00a0<strong>Ageism<\/strong> is prejudice and discrimination that is directed at older people. This view suggests that older people are less in command of their mental faculties. Older people are viewed more negatively than younger people on a variety of traits, particularly those relating to general competence and attractiveness.\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1em;\">Stereotypes such as these can lead to a\u00a0self-fulfilling prophecy\u00a0in which beliefs about one&#8217;s ability results in actions that make it come true.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3771\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3707\/2014\/09\/21142603\/people-887815_1920.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3771\" class=\"wp-image-3771 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3707\/2014\/09\/21142603\/people-887815_1920-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"Headshot of elderly black man.\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3771\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 2<\/strong>. What comes to mind when you think about a person over the age 65? Do you view this picture of an older gentleman as positive or negative, capable and independent or frail and needing assistance?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ageism is a modern and predominately western cultural phenomenon\u2014in the American colonial period, long life was an indication of virtue, and Asian and Native American societies view older people as wise, storehouses of information about the past,\u00a0and deserving of respect<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">. Many preindustrial societies observed\u00a0<strong>gerontocracy<\/strong>, a type of social structure wherein the power is held by a society\u2019s oldest members. In some countries today, older adults still have influence and power and their vast knowledge is respected, but this reverence has decreased in many places due to social factors. A positive, optimistic outlook about aging and the impact one can have on improving health is essential to health and longevity.\u00a0Removing societal stereotypes about aging and helping older adults reject those notions of aging is another way to promote health in older populations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In addition to ageism, racism is yet another concern for marginalized populations as they age. The number of Black Americans above the age of 65 is projected to grow from around 4 million now to 12 million by 2060. Racism towards Black people and other marginalized groups throughout their lifetime results in many older marginalized people having fewer resources, more chronic health conditions, and significant health disparities when compared to\u00a0older white Americans.\u00a0Racism towards\u00a0older adults\u00a0from diverse backgrounds\u00a0has resulted in<span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">\u00a0<\/span>them having limited access to community resources such as grocery stores, housing, health care providers, and transportation.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"African American Older Adults and Race-Related Stress How Aging and Health-Care Providers Can Help. American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/aging\/resources\/african-american-stress.pdf.\" id=\"return-footnote-2256-1\" href=\"#footnote-2256-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Elderly Abuse<\/h2>\n<p>Nursing homes have been publicized as places where older adults are at risk of abuse.\u00a0Abuse and neglect of nursing home residents is more often found in facilities that are run down and understaffed.\u00a0However, older adults are more frequently abused by family members.\u00a0The\u00a0most commonly reported types of abuse are financial abuse and neglect.\u00a0Victims are usually very frail and impaired and perpetrators are usually dependent on the victims for support.\u00a0Prosecuting a family member who has financially abused a parent is very difficult.\u00a0The\u00a0victim may be reluctant to press charges and the court dockets are often very full resulting in long waits before a case is heard. &#8220;Granny dumping&#8221; or the practice of family members abandoning older family members with severe disabilities in emergency rooms is a growing problem; an estimated 100,000 and 200,000 are dumped each year (Tanne in Berk, 2007).<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\n<p>This clip from the Big Think examines some of the negative prejudices towards older adults.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Ageism in the USA: The paradox of prejudice against the elderly | Ashton Applewhite | Big Think\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oX3Lw5JMRi4?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>You can <a href=\"https:\/\/oerfiles.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Lifespan+Development\/Transcriptions\/AgeismInTheUSATheParadoxofPrejudiceAgainstTheElderly_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">view the transcript for &#8220;Ageism in the USA: The paradox of prejudice against the elderly&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>You can watch another video from Ashton Applewhite in this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WfjzkO6_DEI\">TED talk &#8220;Let&#8217;s End Ageism.&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_79fc2535-c29b-4336-a61e-96af436d4bcb\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/79fc2535-c29b-4336-a61e-96af436d4bcb?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_79fc2535-c29b-4336-a61e-96af436d4bcb\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Glossary<\/h3>\n<div class=\"titlepage\">\n<dl>\n<dt>ageism:<\/dt>\n<dd>discrimination based on age<\/dd>\n<dt>gerontocracy:<\/dt>\n<dd>a type of social structure wherein the power is held by a society\u2019s oldest members<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2256\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Modification, adaptation, and original content. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Sonja Ann Miller for Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Psyc 200 Lifespan Psychology. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Laura Overstreet. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/opencourselibrary.org\/econ-201\/\">http:\/\/opencourselibrary.org\/econ-201\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Man image. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Leroy Skalstad. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pixabay. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/photos\/people-old-man-black-senior-887815\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/photos\/people-old-man-black-senior-887815\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Ageism and Abuse. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-introductiontosociology\/chapter\/ageism-and-abuse\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-introductiontosociology\/chapter\/ageism-and-abuse\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Ageism in the USA: The paradox of prejudice against the elderly. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Ashton Applewhite. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Big Think. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oX3Lw5JMRi4\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oX3Lw5JMRi4<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>Word Cloud on Ageism. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Austrialian Human Rights Commission. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanrights.gov.au\/our-work\/chapter-4-role-and-influence-media\">https:\/\/www.humanrights.gov.au\/our-work\/chapter-4-role-and-influence-media<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-2256-1\">African American Older Adults and Race-Related Stress How Aging and Health-Care Providers Can Help. American Psychological Association. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/aging\/resources\/african-american-stress.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/aging\/resources\/african-american-stress.pdf<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-2256-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":13,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Psyc 200 Lifespan Psychology\",\"author\":\"Laura Overstreet\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/opencourselibrary.org\/econ-201\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Modification, adaptation, and original content\",\"author\":\"Sonja Ann Miller for Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Ageism in the USA: The paradox of prejudice against the elderly\",\"author\":\"Ashton Applewhite\",\"organization\":\"Big Think\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oX3Lw5JMRi4\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Man image\",\"author\":\"Leroy Skalstad\",\"organization\":\"Pixabay\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/photos\/people-old-man-black-senior-887815\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc0\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Ageism and Abuse\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-introductiontosociology\/chapter\/ageism-and-abuse\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Word Cloud on Ageism\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"The Austrialian Human Rights Commission\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrights.gov.au\/our-work\/chapter-4-role-and-influence-media\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"c3ebd3b7-0fa6-4eba-afba-d15f8aa0e1eb, ac752056-33f0-4a07-8ba9-473fdd420130","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2256","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":372,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7858,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2256\/revisions\/7858"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/372"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2256\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2256"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2256"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-lifespandevelopment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}