{"id":1579,"date":"2020-10-04T16:42:09","date_gmt":"2020-10-04T16:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1579"},"modified":"2020-11-30T02:16:23","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T02:16:23","slug":"develop-an-annotated-bibliography","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/chapter\/develop-an-annotated-bibliography\/","title":{"raw":"Develop an Annotated Bibliography","rendered":"Develop an Annotated Bibliography"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nDevelop an annotated bibliography.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Annotated Bibliographies<\/h3>\r\n<div id=\"attachment_3903\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"wp-image-3903\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4975\/2020\/04\/27120232\/annotatedbibliographies.jpg\" alt=\"Text describing that an annotated bibliography consists of the bibliographic information, plus annotations, or notes explaining what the writer learned from the source.\" width=\"504\" height=\"248\" \/>\r\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Annotated bibliographies are helpful when finding sources and determining how that source might be helpful for your paper.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nAn\u00a0<strong>annotated bibliography<\/strong>\u00a0is a list of all your sources, including full citation information and notes on how you will use the sources. Writers often create annotated bibliographies as a part of a research project, as a means of recording their thoughts and deciding which sources to actually use to support the purpose of their research. Some writers include annotated bibliographies at the end of a research paper as a way of offering their insights about the\u00a0sources\u2019 usability to their readers.\r\n\r\nCollege instructors\u00a0often assign annotated bibliographies as a way to help students think through their\u00a0sources\u2019 quality and appropriateness to their research question or topic.\r\n\r\nAlthough it may take a while to complete the annotated bibliography, the annotations themselves are relatively brief.\r\n<h3>The Purpose of the Annotated Bibliography<\/h3>\r\nAnnotated bibliographies are useful for several reasons. If you keep one while you research, the annotated bibliography will function as a useful guide. It will be easier for you to revisit sources later because you will already have notes explaining how you want to use each source. If you find an annotated bibliography attached to one of the sources you are using, you can look at it to find other possible resources.\r\n<h3>Constructing Your Citations<\/h3>\r\nThe first part of each entry in an annotated bibliography is the source\u2019s full citation. We examine citations in the previous pages,\u00a0and detailed instructions for creating\u00a0the citation can be found in the style manual for whatever format (APA, MLA, etc.) your professor wants you to use.\r\n<h3>What to Include in Each Annotation<\/h3>\r\nA good annotation has three parts, in addition to the complete bibliographic information for the source:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>a brief summary of the source,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>a critique and evaluation of credibility, and<\/li>\r\n \t<li>an explanation of how you will use the source in your essay.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nStart by stating the main idea of the source. If you have space, note the specific information that you want to use from the source, such as quotations, chapters, or page numbers. Then explain if the source is credible, and note any potential bias you observe. Finally, explain how that information is useful to your own work.\r\n\r\nYou may also consider including:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>An explanation about the authority and\/or qualifications of the author<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The scope or main purpose of the work<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Any detectable bias or interpretive stance<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The intended audience and level of reading<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n<h3>WRITING THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/h3>\r\nKeep these suggestions in mind as you construct an annotated bibliography:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>You need a\u00a0<strong>relatively narrow focus<\/strong>\u00a0(a relatively narrow research question or a working thesis sentence with a clear angle) in order to gain value from having an annotated bibliography.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>As you research,\u00a0<strong>select the sources that seem most related<\/strong>\u00a0to your narrow focus.\u00a0<strong>Skim the sources first<\/strong>; then more carefully read those that seem useful to your research focus.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In your annotation for each entry in your annotated bibliography,\u00a0<strong>summarize the source.<\/strong>\u00a0Reproduce the author\u2019s main ideas in your own words. Be careful to change the wording and the structure as you put the information from the source into your own words.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>After you\u00a0summarize,\u00a0<strong>analyze the source.<\/strong>\u00a0Ask yourself questions such as the following: Is there enough relevant information to address my narrow focus? Does the author delve deeply into the subject as opposed to offering a general overview? What type of evidence does the author use? Does the author use statistical information accurately, to the best of my knowledge?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Finally,\u00a0<strong>evaluate the source\u2019s usefulness<\/strong>\u00a0to the narrow focus of your research. Make connections between the source and your focus for your project.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Be sure to<strong>\u00a0use the assigned bibliographic style<\/strong>\u00a0(usually\u00a0MLA or APA style) to create the bibliography entry that begins each annotated source on your list.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\nIn most annotated bibliographies,\u00a0the summary, analysis, and evaluation for each source becomes the body of\u00a0the annotation for that source. Some annotated bibliographies may not require all three of these elements, but most will. Be sure to consult your\u00a0instructor and ask questions if you\u2019re unsure about the required elements within each entry of your annotated bibliography.\r\n<h3>Example Annotation<\/h3>\r\nSource: Farley, John. \u201cThe Spontaneous-Generation Controversy (1700\u20131860): The Origin of Parasitic Worms.\u201d\u00a0<em>Journal of the History of Biology<\/em>, 5 (Spring 1972), 95\u2013125.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Notes: This essay discusses the conversation about spontaneous generation that was taking place around the time that\u00a0<em>Frankenstein<\/em>\u00a0was written. In addition, it introduces a distinction between abiogenesis and heterogenesis. The author argues that the accounts of spontaneous generation from this time period were often based on incorrect assumptions: that the discussion was focused primarily on micro-organisms and that spontaneous-generation theories were disproved by experiments. The author takes a scientific approach to evaluating theories of spontaneous generation, and the presentation of his argument is supported with sources. It is a reliable and credible source. The essay will be helpful in forming a picture of the early 19th-century conversation about how life is formed, as well as explaining the critical perception of spontaneous-generation theories during the 19th century.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p>Develop an annotated bibliography.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Annotated Bibliographies<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_3903\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3903\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4975\/2020\/04\/27120232\/annotatedbibliographies.jpg\" alt=\"Text describing that an annotated bibliography consists of the bibliographic information, plus annotations, or notes explaining what the writer learned from the source.\" width=\"504\" height=\"248\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Annotated bibliographies are helpful when finding sources and determining how that source might be helpful for your paper.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>An\u00a0<strong>annotated bibliography<\/strong>\u00a0is a list of all your sources, including full citation information and notes on how you will use the sources. Writers often create annotated bibliographies as a part of a research project, as a means of recording their thoughts and deciding which sources to actually use to support the purpose of their research. Some writers include annotated bibliographies at the end of a research paper as a way of offering their insights about the\u00a0sources\u2019 usability to their readers.<\/p>\n<p>College instructors\u00a0often assign annotated bibliographies as a way to help students think through their\u00a0sources\u2019 quality and appropriateness to their research question or topic.<\/p>\n<p>Although it may take a while to complete the annotated bibliography, the annotations themselves are relatively brief.<\/p>\n<h3>The Purpose of the Annotated Bibliography<\/h3>\n<p>Annotated bibliographies are useful for several reasons. If you keep one while you research, the annotated bibliography will function as a useful guide. It will be easier for you to revisit sources later because you will already have notes explaining how you want to use each source. If you find an annotated bibliography attached to one of the sources you are using, you can look at it to find other possible resources.<\/p>\n<h3>Constructing Your Citations<\/h3>\n<p>The first part of each entry in an annotated bibliography is the source\u2019s full citation. We examine citations in the previous pages,\u00a0and detailed instructions for creating\u00a0the citation can be found in the style manual for whatever format (APA, MLA, etc.) your professor wants you to use.<\/p>\n<h3>What to Include in Each Annotation<\/h3>\n<p>A good annotation has three parts, in addition to the complete bibliographic information for the source:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a brief summary of the source,<\/li>\n<li>a critique and evaluation of credibility, and<\/li>\n<li>an explanation of how you will use the source in your essay.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Start by stating the main idea of the source. If you have space, note the specific information that you want to use from the source, such as quotations, chapters, or page numbers. Then explain if the source is credible, and note any potential bias you observe. Finally, explain how that information is useful to your own work.<\/p>\n<p>You may also consider including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An explanation about the authority and\/or qualifications of the author<\/li>\n<li>The scope or main purpose of the work<\/li>\n<li>Any detectable bias or interpretive stance<\/li>\n<li>The intended audience and level of reading<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<h3>WRITING THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/h3>\n<p>Keep these suggestions in mind as you construct an annotated bibliography:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>You need a\u00a0<strong>relatively narrow focus<\/strong>\u00a0(a relatively narrow research question or a working thesis sentence with a clear angle) in order to gain value from having an annotated bibliography.<\/li>\n<li>As you research,\u00a0<strong>select the sources that seem most related<\/strong>\u00a0to your narrow focus.\u00a0<strong>Skim the sources first<\/strong>; then more carefully read those that seem useful to your research focus.<\/li>\n<li>In your annotation for each entry in your annotated bibliography,\u00a0<strong>summarize the source.<\/strong>\u00a0Reproduce the author\u2019s main ideas in your own words. Be careful to change the wording and the structure as you put the information from the source into your own words.<\/li>\n<li>After you\u00a0summarize,\u00a0<strong>analyze the source.<\/strong>\u00a0Ask yourself questions such as the following: Is there enough relevant information to address my narrow focus? Does the author delve deeply into the subject as opposed to offering a general overview? What type of evidence does the author use? Does the author use statistical information accurately, to the best of my knowledge?<\/li>\n<li>Finally,\u00a0<strong>evaluate the source\u2019s usefulness<\/strong>\u00a0to the narrow focus of your research. Make connections between the source and your focus for your project.<\/li>\n<li>Be sure to<strong>\u00a0use the assigned bibliographic style<\/strong>\u00a0(usually\u00a0MLA or APA style) to create the bibliography entry that begins each annotated source on your list.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>In most annotated bibliographies,\u00a0the summary, analysis, and evaluation for each source becomes the body of\u00a0the annotation for that source. Some annotated bibliographies may not require all three of these elements, but most will. Be sure to consult your\u00a0instructor and ask questions if you\u2019re unsure about the required elements within each entry of your annotated bibliography.<\/p>\n<h3>Example Annotation<\/h3>\n<p>Source: Farley, John. \u201cThe Spontaneous-Generation Controversy (1700\u20131860): The Origin of Parasitic Worms.\u201d\u00a0<em>Journal of the History of Biology<\/em>, 5 (Spring 1972), 95\u2013125.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Notes: This essay discusses the conversation about spontaneous generation that was taking place around the time that\u00a0<em>Frankenstein<\/em>\u00a0was written. In addition, it introduces a distinction between abiogenesis and heterogenesis. The author argues that the accounts of spontaneous generation from this time period were often based on incorrect assumptions: that the discussion was focused primarily on micro-organisms and that spontaneous-generation theories were disproved by experiments. The author takes a scientific approach to evaluating theories of spontaneous generation, and the presentation of his argument is supported with sources. It is a reliable and credible source. The essay will be helpful in forming a picture of the early 19th-century conversation about how life is formed, as well as explaining the critical perception of spontaneous-generation theories during the 19th century.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1579\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Annotated Bibliographies. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Excelsior OWL. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/research\/annotated-bibliographies\/\">https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/research\/annotated-bibliographies\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Annotated bibilographies. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/annotated-bibliographies-and-literature-reviews\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/annotated-bibliographies-and-literature-reviews\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":161083,"menu_order":16,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Annotated Bibliographies\",\"author\":\"Excelsior OWL\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/research\/annotated-bibliographies\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Annotated bibilographies\",\"author\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/annotated-bibliographies-and-literature-reviews\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"9a467f05-a794-451c-bb2d-d9bc4841c2f0, 36e0d1c7-1994-421f-8844-93560fe0d93a","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1579","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1564,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/161083"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3901,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1579\/revisions\/3901"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1564"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1579\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1579"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1579"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}