{"id":2141,"date":"2020-10-26T15:35:56","date_gmt":"2020-10-26T15:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/?post_type=chapter&p=2141"},"modified":"2023-10-12T17:38:43","modified_gmt":"2023-10-12T17:38:43","slug":"mla-works-cited","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/chapter\/mla-works-cited\/","title":{"raw":"MLA Works Cited","rendered":"MLA Works Cited"},"content":{"raw":"
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Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nCreate and identify appropriate MLA Works Cited entries.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nMLA style is one of the most common citation and formatting styles you will encounter in your academic career. The MLA, which stands for Modern Language Association, is an organization of language scholars and experts. MLA format is typically used for writing in the humanities and is widely used in many high school and introductory college English classes, as well as scholarly books and professional journals.\r\n

Containers<\/h3>\r\nInstead of offering a specific way to format each and every source time, the new MLA offers a streamlined approach using something called \u201ccontainers.\u201d\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_3444\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"275\"]\"MLA Figure<\/strong> 1. MLA formatting requires you to think about your source as a whole and pick out all the appropriate pieces to include in the container.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThese containers, pictured here, provide you with the required elements, order, and punctuation for each of your Works Cited entries.\r\n\r\nAs you work to format your Works Cited entries, you will notice that some sources require only one container, as shown on the right. These are sources that you access directly from their original publication, such as books, an online magazine article, and general websites. You\u00a0should follow the order of items listed in the container, following the simplified punctuation rules you see in the container as well. You will place a period after the author and the title of the source. Then, you should place commas after each item until the end of the entry.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_3445\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"276\"]\"Two Figure 2. You use two containers if the source you are using is part of a larger source, such as a poem within an anthology, a series within a TV show, or\u00a0a journal within a database.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nTwo containers are required for sources that you access through places like library databases. An example of MLA\u2019s \u201ctwo container\u201d structure is depicted at the left. Here, you will notice there is a place for the first container with the original publication information.\r\n\r\nBelow the first container, the second container provides publication information for where you retrieved that information. For example, a journal article you access through your library\u2019s databases will have its original publication information (container 1) and access information from the online database (container 2).\r\n

Focus on the Core Elements<\/h4>\r\nRegardless of the source type, you are now asked to\u00a0locate the same core elements from your\u00a0sources and place them in a standard order in order to create citations. These core elements are explained in detail below. Note that you do not need to memorize\u00a0every step of this process<\/strong>, but should take this opportunity to understand how citations are created. (You will likely use some kind of citation generator to do this work for you, but you will need a general familiarity so that you can know what information to plug into that citation generator and so that you can understand how to double-check the citation generator's inevitable mistakes.) You can always return to this page, to the MLA handbook, the MLA Style Center<\/a>, or to other online resources to help you create the citations you need for your paper.\r\n
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MLA: Core Elements<\/h3>\r\nWatch this video to see examples of how to identify the core elements needed in a citation:\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lSekgYAdQcU[\/embed]\r\n\r\nYou can view the transcript for \"MLA Style, 8th Edition: An Introduction\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe basic guidelines for many types of citations are listed below.\u00a0To see more, visit MLA Citations on the Excelsior OWL website,<\/a>\u00a0Purdue OWL website<\/a>,\u00a0or in\u00a0this citation guide from Santa Fe College<\/a>.\r\n
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Print Books with a Single Author<\/h4>\r\nIf you are accessing a print book, then you will need just one container for publication information.\r\n

Minot, Stephen.\u00a0Three Genres.<\/em>\u00a0Pearson, 2003.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Books with Multiple Authors<\/h4>\r\nIf you are accessing a print book, then you will need just one container for publication information.\r\n

Two Authors<\/h4>\r\n

Sennett, Richard, and Jonathan Cobb.\u00a0The Hidden Injuries of Class<\/em>. Vintage Books, 1973.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

More Than Two Authors<\/h4>\r\nFor more than two authors: list only the first author followed by the phrase \u201cet al.\u201d (Latin abbreviation for \u201cand others\u201d; no period after \u201cet\u201d) in place of the other authors\u2019 names.\r\n

Smith, John, et al.\u00a0Writing and Erasing: New Theories for Pencils<\/em>. Utah State UP, 2001.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Article in a Reference Book<\/h4>\r\nIf you are accessing a print book, then you will need just one container for publication information. If an article in a reference work has no author, you should begin with the title of the article.\r\n

\"Discourse.\"\u00a0The Dictionary of Literary Theory<\/em>. 2nd ed., Penguin, 1991.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

eBooks<\/h4>\r\nBecause eBooks may have been originally published in print, you may need two containers to present publication information. The first container includes the print information, and the second container includes the access information.\r\n

Gikandi, Simon.\u00a0Ngugi wa Thiong'o<\/em>. Cambridge UP, 2000.\u00a0ACLS Humanities E-book<\/em>, hdl.handle.net\/2027\/heb.07588.0001.0001.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Print Magazine Articles<\/h4>\r\nIf you are accessing a print magazine article, then you will need just one container for publication information.\r\n

Gallivan, Joseph. \"Against the Odds.\"\u00a0Oregon Humanities<\/em>, Summer 2008, pp. 16\u201324.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Online Magazine Articles<\/h4>\r\nIf you are accessing a magazine article directly from the web, you will most likely need just one container to present publication information.\r\n

Bilger, Burkhard. \"The Height Gap.\"\u00a0The New Yorker<\/em>, 5 Apr. 2004, www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2004\/04\/05\/the-height-gap.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Print Journal Articles<\/h4>\r\nIf you are accessing a print journal article, then you will need just one container for publication information.\u00a0If the journal does not use volume numbers, cite the issue numbers only.<\/span>\r\n

Pasquaretta, Paul. \u201cOn the Indianness' of Bingo: Gambling and the Native American Community.\u201d\u00a0Critical Inquiry<\/em>, vol. 20, no.4, 1994, pp. 151\u2013187.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Online Journal Articles<\/h4>\r\nIf you are accessing a journal article directly from the journal\u2019s website, you will most likely need just one container to present publication information. Note that\u00a0MLA now requires full URLs for online material. However, if your article includes a DOI (digital object identifier), that information should be provided instead of the URL.<\/span>\r\n

Collins, Ross. \"Writing and Desire: Synthesizing Rhetorical Theories of Genre and Lacanian Theories of the Unconscious.\"\u00a0Composition Forum<\/em>, vol. 33, Spring 2016, compositionforum.com\/issue\/33\/writing-desire.php.<\/p>\r\n

Cho, Helen, Sam D. Stout, and Thomas A. Bishop.\u00a02006 Cortical Bone Remodeling Rates in a Sample of African American and European American Descent Groups from the American Midwest: Comparisons of Age and Sex in Ribs. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 130(2):214\u2013226. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.20312.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Article from a Database<\/h4>\r\nIf you are accessing a journal article from a database, you will need two containers to present the original publication information as well as the access information from the database.\r\n

Goldman, Anne. \"Questions of Transport: Reading Primo Levi Reading Dante.\"\u00a0The Georgia Review<\/em>, vol. 64, no. 1, 2010, pp. 69\u201388.\u00a0JSTOR<\/em>, www.jstor.org\/stable\/41403188.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Online Newspaper<\/h4>\r\nIf you are accessing a newspaper article directly from the web, you will most likely need just one container to present publication information. Reviews and letters to the editor should be presented in a similar manner.\r\n

St. Fleur, Nicholas. \"City Bees Stick to a Flower Diet Rather Than Slurp Up Soda.\"\u00a0The New York Times<\/em>, 19 May 2016, www.nytimes.com\/2016\/05\/21\/science\/urban-bees-diet-flowers-soda.html.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Websites<\/h4>\r\nWebsites that contain articles, postings, and almost anything else have been simplified in the 8th edition of the\u00a0MLA Handbook<\/em>. Just one container is needed for most websites.\r\n

Hollmichel, Stephanie. \"The Reading Brain: Differences between Digital and Print.\"\u00a0So Many Books<\/em>, 25 Apr. 2013, somanybooksblog.com\/2013\/04\/25\/the-reading-brain-differences-between-digital-and-print\/.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Images<\/h4>\r\nIn the eighth edition of the\u00a0MLA Handbook<\/em>, images from the web will most likely need just one container. Images from other types of sources should follow guidelines for those particular sources.\r\n

Wootten, Bayard.\u00a0Woman Resting<\/em>. 1937. Louis Round Wilson Special Collections Library,\u00a0North Carolina Collection Photographic Archives<\/em>, 12 Feb. 2013, http:\/\/library.unc.edu\/wilson\/.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Videos<\/h4>\r\nIn the eighth edition of the\u00a0MLA Handbook<\/em>, videos accessed via web will most likely need just one container.\r\n

Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Unaired Pilot 1996.\"\u00a0Youtube<\/em>, uploaded by Brian Stowe, 28 Jan. 2012, www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WR3J-v7QXXw.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Try It<\/h3>\r\nBuild the MLA-style citation for each source. Note that these exercises do not use hanging indents.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/h5p.cwr.olemiss.edu\/h5p\/embed\/41[\/embed]\r\n\r\n