{"id":2144,"date":"2020-10-26T16:03:37","date_gmt":"2020-10-26T16:03:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/?post_type=chapter&p=2144"},"modified":"2023-10-12T17:53:06","modified_gmt":"2023-10-12T17:53:06","slug":"apa-references","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/chapter\/apa-references\/","title":{"raw":"APA References","rendered":"APA References"},"content":{"raw":"
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Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nCreate and identify appropriate entries for an APA References page.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nAPA\u00a0<\/strong>stands for the American Psychological Association. Scholars working in the social sciences (psychology, history, political science, economics, geography, and sociology) typically use APA formatting and citation style.\u00a0The APA style is spelled out in the\u00a0Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association<\/em>, seventh edition, but the APA also maintains its own website with multiple examples of how to format your references list and cite your sources. If you\u2019re unable to find the answer to your question here, check the APA Manual seventh edition or the\u00a0APA website<\/a>.\r\n

References Page<\/h3>\r\nEvery cited source from your speech, with the exception of personal communications, should appear on your References page, which comes at the end of the essay.\r\n\r\nThe References page must conform to the following rules:\r\n
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  • Entries in your list of references should be alphabetized by the authors\u2019 last names. Use the title if a work does not have an author.\u00a0(Don't use any article in alphabetizing\u2014The new America<\/em> gets alphabetized under \"N.\")<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Center and bold the word\u00a0References<\/strong> at the top of the page.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Double-space all references, even within individual references.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Use a hanging indent of 0.5 inches for each reference. This means the first line of each entry will be flush against the left margin, and subsequent lines are indented 0.5 inches.\r\n
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    • In Microsoft Word, for example, you simply highlight your citations, click on the small arrow right next to the word \"Paragraph\" on the home tab, and then in the popup box choose \"hanging indent\" under the \"Special\" section. Click OK, and you're done. In Google Docs, highlight the area you want to indent then choose\u00a0Format > Align &\u00a0Indent\u00a0>\u00a0Indentation\u00a0options > Select \"Special,\" then \"Hanging\"\u00a0> Apply.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
    • All book and articles titles in APA appear in sentence case, meaning that the capitalization rules here are different than what you are accustomed to seeing:\r\n
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      • only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized (The great Gatsby<\/em>). The first word of a subtitle that comes after a colon is also capitalized.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • books are italicized and articles have neither italics nor quotation marks (A study of symbolism in American movies).<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Journal titles are capitalized and italicized (New Jersey English Journal<\/em>).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSee below for more information on how to create a specific reference entry for your source type.\r\n
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        APA Reference List<\/h3>\r\nIn this video on APA format, you\u2019ll see a sample references list with some tips on creating a references list of your own.\r\n\r\n