{"id":2348,"date":"2020-11-02T17:39:12","date_gmt":"2020-11-02T17:39:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2348"},"modified":"2020-12-06T02:21:34","modified_gmt":"2020-12-06T02:21:34","slug":"introduction-to-introductions","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/chapter\/introduction-to-introductions\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Introductions","rendered":"Introduction to Introductions"},"content":{"raw":"[caption id=\"attachment_3514\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"523\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-3514\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5348\/2020\/11\/22190236\/Serial_position.png\" alt=\"A graph demonstrating the serial position effect. The Y axis is percentage of words recalled, the X axis is position in sequence: primacy, intermediate, and recency. The number of words recalled begins around 90%, drops down below 50% in the intermediate position, and returns to 90% in the recency part of the sequence\" width=\"523\" height=\"333\" \/> A graph demonstrating the serial-position effect. More words are remembered from the beginning and end of the series than the middle.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe human mind has a tendency to focus on the first and last things in a series. Social scientists call this the <strong>serial-position effect<\/strong>, a combination of the <strong>primacy<\/strong> <strong>effect<\/strong> (remembering the first thing one hears) and the <strong>recency<\/strong> <strong>effect<\/strong> (remembering the last thing one hears).[footnote]The term \"serial-position effect\" was coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus in\u00a0<em>On Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology<\/em>. Teachers college, Columbia University, 1913[\/footnote][footnote]Sousa,\u00a0David A.\u00a0<em>How the Brain Learns.<\/em> SAGE Publications,\u00a02011, 95\u201397.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nIn practical terms, the serial-position effect means that you should always try to go first or last at auditions and interviews. More importantly for our purposes, it means that introductions and conclusions are extremely important.\r\n\r\nIn this section, we\u2019ll explore ways to start your speech that both grab your listeners' attention and help them understand what they're about to hear.","rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_3514\" style=\"width: 533px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3514\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3514\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5348\/2020\/11\/22190236\/Serial_position.png\" alt=\"A graph demonstrating the serial position effect. The Y axis is percentage of words recalled, the X axis is position in sequence: primacy, intermediate, and recency. The number of words recalled begins around 90%, drops down below 50% in the intermediate position, and returns to 90% in the recency part of the sequence\" width=\"523\" height=\"333\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3514\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A graph demonstrating the serial-position effect. More words are remembered from the beginning and end of the series than the middle.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The human mind has a tendency to focus on the first and last things in a series. Social scientists call this the <strong>serial-position effect<\/strong>, a combination of the <strong>primacy<\/strong> <strong>effect<\/strong> (remembering the first thing one hears) and the <strong>recency<\/strong> <strong>effect<\/strong> (remembering the last thing one hears).<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"The term &quot;serial-position effect&quot; was coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus in\u00a0On Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology. Teachers college, Columbia University, 1913\" id=\"return-footnote-2348-1\" href=\"#footnote-2348-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Sousa,\u00a0David A.\u00a0How the Brain Learns. SAGE Publications,\u00a02011, 95\u201397.\" id=\"return-footnote-2348-2\" href=\"#footnote-2348-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In practical terms, the serial-position effect means that you should always try to go first or last at auditions and interviews. More importantly for our purposes, it means that introductions and conclusions are extremely important.<\/p>\n<p>In this section, we\u2019ll explore ways to start your speech that both grab your listeners&#8217; attention and help them understand what they&#8217;re about to hear.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2348\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Serial position effect. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Obli. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Serial_position.png\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Serial_position.png<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">Lumen Learning authored content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Introduction to Introductions. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-2348-1\">The term \"serial-position effect\" was coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus in\u00a0<em>On Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology<\/em>. Teachers college, Columbia University, 1913 <a href=\"#return-footnote-2348-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-2348-2\">Sousa,\u00a0David A.\u00a0<em>How the Brain Learns.<\/em> SAGE Publications,\u00a02011, 95\u201397. <a href=\"#return-footnote-2348-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":161083,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"lumen\",\"description\":\"Introduction to Introductions\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Serial position effect\",\"author\":\"Obli\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Serial_position.png\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"bfe3f452-9990-45cd-bd98-445fbf77c523","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2348","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2344,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/161083"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2348\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4338,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2348\/revisions\/4338"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2344"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2348\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2348"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2348"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2348"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-publicspeaking\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}