{"id":1469,"date":"2017-07-11T02:45:11","date_gmt":"2017-07-11T02:45:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/ushistory1os\/chapter\/primary-source-images-british-north-america\/"},"modified":"2024-09-10T15:20:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T15:20:30","slug":"primary-source-images-british-north-america","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory1\/chapter\/primary-source-images-british-north-america\/","title":{"raw":"Primary Source Images: British North America","rendered":"Primary Source Images: British North America"},"content":{"raw":"The seventeenth century saw the creation and maturation of Britain\u2019s\u00a0North American colonies. Colonists endured a century of struggle against unforgiving climates, hostile Natives, and imperial intrigue. They did so largely through ruthless expressions of power. Colonists conquered Indians, attacked European rivals, and joined a highly lucrative transatlantic economy rooted in slavery.\u00a0After surviving a century of desperation and war, British North American colonists fashioned increasingly complex societies with unique religious cultures, economic ties, and political traditions. These sources reveal the often brutal conditions of life in colonial America.\r\n

Slave ship Brookes, 1789<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_900\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"647\"]\"Drawings \u201cStowage of the British slave ship Brookes under the regulated slave trade act of 1788,\u201d 1789, via\u00a0Wikimedia.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n
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Slave ships transported 11-12 million Africans to destinations in North and South America, but it was not until the end of the\u00a0eighteenth\u00a0century that any kind of regulation was introduced. The\u00a0Brookes<\/em>\u00a0print dates to after the Regulated Slave Trade Act of 1788, but still shows enslaved Africans chained in rows using bilboes, which were iron leg shackles used to chain pairs of slaves together during the Middle Passage throughout the\u00a0seventeenth\u00a0and\u00a0eighteenth centuries.\u00a0The slave ship\u00a0Brookes<\/em>\u00a0was allowed to carry up to 454 slaves, allotting 6 feet (1.8\u00a0m) by 1\u00a0foot 4\u00a0inches (0.41\u00a0m) to each man; 5\u00a0feet 10\u00a0inches (1.78\u00a0m) by 1\u00a0foot 4\u00a0inches (0.41\u00a0m) to each women, and 5 feet (1.5\u00a0m) by 1\u00a0foot 2\u00a0inches (0.36\u00a0m) to each child, but one slave trader alleged that before 1788, the ship carried as many as 609 slaves.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Map of British North America, 1733<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_901\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1000\"]\"Map Henry Popple, \u201cA map of the British Empire in America with the French and Spanish settlements adjacent thereto,\u201d 1733 via\u00a0Library of Congress.[\/caption]\r\n

British colonists in the\u00a0seventeenth\u00a0and early\u00a0eighteenth\u00a0centuries occupied a constantly contested frontier. The British Empire competed with French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and even Scottish explorers to claim land in North America and the Caribbean \u2013 much of it already settled by Native Americans. This diverse territory would continue to be contested throughout the eighteenth century.\u00a0Eventually, the British Empire included twenty-six colonies in North America, producing everything from grain and timber to luxury goods like tobacco and sugar.<\/p>","rendered":"

The seventeenth century saw the creation and maturation of Britain\u2019s\u00a0North American colonies. Colonists endured a century of struggle against unforgiving climates, hostile Natives, and imperial intrigue. They did so largely through ruthless expressions of power. Colonists conquered Indians, attacked European rivals, and joined a highly lucrative transatlantic economy rooted in slavery.\u00a0After surviving a century of desperation and war, British North American colonists fashioned increasingly complex societies with unique religious cultures, economic ties, and political traditions. These sources reveal the often brutal conditions of life in colonial America.<\/p>\n

Slave ship Brookes, 1789<\/h2>\n
\"Drawings<\/p>\n

\u201cStowage of the British slave ship Brookes under the regulated slave trade act of 1788,\u201d 1789, via\u00a0Wikimedia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Slave ships transported 11-12 million Africans to destinations in North and South America, but it was not until the end of the\u00a0eighteenth\u00a0century that any kind of regulation was introduced. The\u00a0Brookes<\/em>\u00a0print dates to after the Regulated Slave Trade Act of 1788, but still shows enslaved Africans chained in rows using bilboes, which were iron leg shackles used to chain pairs of slaves together during the Middle Passage throughout the\u00a0seventeenth\u00a0and\u00a0eighteenth centuries.\u00a0The slave ship\u00a0Brookes<\/em>\u00a0was allowed to carry up to 454 slaves, allotting 6 feet (1.8\u00a0m) by 1\u00a0foot 4\u00a0inches (0.41\u00a0m) to each man; 5\u00a0feet 10\u00a0inches (1.78\u00a0m) by 1\u00a0foot 4\u00a0inches (0.41\u00a0m) to each women, and 5 feet (1.5\u00a0m) by 1\u00a0foot 2\u00a0inches (0.36\u00a0m) to each child, but one slave trader alleged that before 1788, the ship carried as many as 609 slaves.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Map of British North America, 1733<\/h2>\n
\"Map<\/p>\n

Henry Popple, \u201cA map of the British Empire in America with the French and Spanish settlements adjacent thereto,\u201d 1733 via\u00a0Library of Congress.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

British colonists in the\u00a0seventeenth\u00a0and early\u00a0eighteenth\u00a0centuries occupied a constantly contested frontier. The British Empire competed with French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and even Scottish explorers to claim land in North America and the Caribbean \u2013 much of it already settled by Native Americans. This diverse territory would continue to be contested throughout the eighteenth century.\u00a0Eventually, the British Empire included twenty-six colonies in North America, producing everything from grain and timber to luxury goods like tobacco and sugar.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>