{"id":3424,"date":"2021-04-28T20:09:12","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T20:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory1\/chapter\/the-sift-method\/"},"modified":"2022-05-10T20:32:37","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T20:32:37","slug":"the-sift-method","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory1\/chapter\/the-sift-method\/","title":{"raw":"The SIFT Method","rendered":"The SIFT Method"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Differentiate between reliable and unreliable and popular and scholarly sources of information<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nAs we will be learning about evaluating sources, let\u2019s start with an activity to test your ability to sort fact from fiction. Read each of the following four scenarios and determine whether the statement is true or false. It\u2019s not always easy to tell the difference. Go ahead and guess if you're not sure\u2014we'll learn techniques for sorting fact from fiction later on. Good luck!\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291305417032934208\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>The SIFT Method<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_3302\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"488\"]<img class=\"wp-image-3302\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/04\/22152714\/SIFT.png\" alt=\"SIFT graphic showing S for stop, I for investigate the source, F for find better coverage, and T for trace claims, quotes, and media to the original context.\" width=\"488\" height=\"261\" \/> <strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Following the SIFT method can help you quickly and confidently evaluate sources online.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nNo matter how you did on the pretest, you probably found some of the questions tricky. It's not always clear what is true or false and what sources of information are trustworthy. The SIFT method is a tool to help you\u00a0better evaluate sources you find online. It is designed to help you with making quick judgments about information\u2014just stopping when you read things like news articles or social media posts to ask yourself, \"Does this seem questionable? Can I verify if this is accurate information?\" These kinds of quick-assessment skills are also helpful to deeper research, as you want to make sure that you are looking at trustworthy and scholarly sources of information when conducting historical research or making claims about historical events. The four steps of the SIFT method are to: stop, investigate the source, find better coverage, and trace claims.\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>The SIFT Method<\/h3>\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291305471284943048\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>STOP<\/h2>\r\nThe first task is the simplest.\u00a0<strong>STOP<\/strong>\u00a0reminds you of two things.\r\n\r\nFirst, when you first hit a page or post and start to read it \u2014 STOP. Ask yourself whether you know the website or source of the information, and what the reputation of both the claim and the website is. Don't take it as fact or share media until you know what it is.\r\n\r\nSecond, when you want to verify information online, it can be easy to go down a rabbit hole, going off on tangents only distantly related to your original task. If you feel yourself getting overwhelmed in your fact-checking efforts, STOP and take a second to remember your purpose. If you just want to repost, read an interesting story, or get a high-level explanation of a concept, it\u2019s probably good enough to find out whether the publication is reputable. If you are doing deep research of your own, you may want to chase down individual claims in a newspaper article and independently verify them.\r\n\r\nQuick and shallow investigations will form most of what we do on the web. Being able to quickly look at the website or source of information to determine if the information is likely credible or not will help you determine if you should continue reading the information or move on. There are several ways to quickly determine that a website is fake.\r\n<div class=\"block-list__content brand--body brand--linkColor brand--linkColor\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\r\n<div class=\"fr-view\">\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Do a Visual Assessment. Look at the overall design, amount of ads, and use of altered images. Does the website seem high quality?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">Identify the News Outlet. Is the outlet well known and trustworthy?<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Check the URL. Does the URL seem legitimate?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h3>Scholarly or Popular?<\/h3>\r\nWhen applying the SIFT method to historical research, one of the quickest ways to assess the reliability of a source is by determining if it is a scholarly or popular source. Popular articles or blog posts are typically written by the author to entertain or inform a general audience. These are not considered reliable sources for historical research. Scholarly articles are written by researchers or experts in a particular field. They use specialized vocabulary, have extensive citations, and are often peer-reviewed.\u00a0These articles are considered reliable sources for historical research. A peer review strengthens the credibility of a source.\r\n\r\nThe physical appearance of print sources can help you identify the type of source as well. Popular magazines and trade publications are usually glossy with many photos. Scholarly journals are usually smaller and thicker with plain covers and images. In electronic sources, you can check for bibliographies and author credentials or affiliations as potential indicators of scholarly sources.\r\n<table style=\"height: 90px;\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\r\n<th style=\"height: 12px; width: 58.5069px;\"><\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 12px; width: 178.507px;\">Purpose<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 12px; width: 121.84px;\">Author<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 12px; width: 252.951px;\">Review<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 12px; width: 194.062px;\">Citations<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 58.5069px;\"><strong>Popular<\/strong>\r\n<strong>\u00a0Sources<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 178.507px;\">To inform, entertain, or elicit an emotional response<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 121.84px;\">Staff writers, journalists, freelancers, bloggers<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 252.951px;\">Staff editor<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 194.062px;\">May not have citations, or may be informal (ex. according to... or links)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 58.5069px;\"><strong>Scholarly Sources<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 178.507px;\">To share research or scholarship with the academic community<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 121.84px;\">Scholars\/researchers<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 252.951px;\">Editorial board made up of other scholars and researchers. Some articles are peer-reviewed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 194.062px;\">Bibliographies, references, endnotes, footnotes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2 aria-hidden=\"false\">Finding Scholarly Articles<\/h2>\r\n<div aria-hidden=\"false\">To find scholarly articles, you'll want to search using specific search tools, libraries, or databases. Note that you are very unlikely to find reliable scholarly sources just through a quick google search. Your school library and most public libraries have access to specific scholarly journals or databases that can get you access to the types of peer-reviewed articles you need. Google scholar can be good for finding journals, though using your school library will often reveal more helpful results. When you search within your library catalog, you'll find search results from the things that your library owns, including books, articles, journals, etc., but you'll also want to find materials that they don't own. This means that you'll want to search inside of databases (which you can also access through the library). Some of the most popular databases for history include:<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li aria-hidden=\"false\"><strong>America: History &amp; Life with Full Text (EBSCO):<\/strong>\u00a0Covers the history and culture of the United States and Canada, from prehistory to the present.<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-hidden=\"false\"><strong>Historical Abstracts with Full Text (EBSCO):<\/strong>\u00a0Covers the history of the world (excluding the United States and Canada) from 1450 to the present, including world history, military history, women's history, history of education, and more.<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-hidden=\"false\"><strong>JSTOR:<\/strong>\u00a0Full-text access to the archives of 2,600+ journals and 35,000+ books in the arts, humanities, social sciences and sciences.<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-hidden=\"false\"><strong>Project MUSE:<\/strong>\u00a0Full-text access to scholarly journals and e-books published by over 120 scholarly societies and university presses.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div id=\"q-ckn7u46gn00143b6ef8hdl8bs\" class=\"quiz-card__title brand--body brand--linkColor brand--linkColor\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\r\n<div class=\"fr-view\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nAre these scholarly sources?\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanheritage.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Heritage<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jah.oah.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Journal of American History<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.historyisnowmagazine.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">History is Now Magazine<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/journal\/jsouthernhistory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Journal of Southern History<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<iframe title=\"Scholarly or popular\" src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291305494927788318\/embed\" width=\"1043\" height=\"419\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Activity<\/h3>\r\nUse your school's library website and find the page that lists historical databases. Take note of the recommended databases, or take a screenshot of the list, like this screenshot taken of results from the University of North Carolina-Charlotte:\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3324\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/04\/22171118\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-22-at-1.10.58-PM.png\" alt=\"History databases: Academic Search Complete, America: History and Life, Google Scholar, Historical Abstracts, JSTOR, Project Muse\" width=\"753\" height=\"382\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">This article explains <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pcmag.com\/news\/how-to-take-a-screenshot-on-any-device#:~:text=If%20you%20have%20a%20Mac,pressing%20Command%2BShift%2B6.&amp;text=You%20can%20capture%20an%20image,4%20for%20a%20specific%20section.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how to take a screenshot<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Differentiate between reliable and unreliable and popular and scholarly sources of information<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>As we will be learning about evaluating sources, let\u2019s start with an activity to test your ability to sort fact from fiction. Read each of the following four scenarios and determine whether the statement is true or false. It\u2019s not always easy to tell the difference. Go ahead and guess if you&#8217;re not sure\u2014we&#8217;ll learn techniques for sorting fact from fiction later on. Good luck!<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291305417032934208\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>The SIFT Method<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_3302\" style=\"width: 498px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3302\" class=\"wp-image-3302\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/04\/22152714\/SIFT.png\" alt=\"SIFT graphic showing S for stop, I for investigate the source, F for find better coverage, and T for trace claims, quotes, and media to the original context.\" width=\"488\" height=\"261\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3302\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Following the SIFT method can help you quickly and confidently evaluate sources online.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>No matter how you did on the pretest, you probably found some of the questions tricky. It&#8217;s not always clear what is true or false and what sources of information are trustworthy. The SIFT method is a tool to help you\u00a0better evaluate sources you find online. It is designed to help you with making quick judgments about information\u2014just stopping when you read things like news articles or social media posts to ask yourself, &#8220;Does this seem questionable? Can I verify if this is accurate information?&#8221; These kinds of quick-assessment skills are also helpful to deeper research, as you want to make sure that you are looking at trustworthy and scholarly sources of information when conducting historical research or making claims about historical events. The four steps of the SIFT method are to: stop, investigate the source, find better coverage, and trace claims.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>The SIFT Method<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291305471284943048\/embed\" width=\"1088\" height=\"637\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>STOP<\/h2>\n<p>The first task is the simplest.\u00a0<strong>STOP<\/strong>\u00a0reminds you of two things.<\/p>\n<p>First, when you first hit a page or post and start to read it \u2014 STOP. Ask yourself whether you know the website or source of the information, and what the reputation of both the claim and the website is. Don&#8217;t take it as fact or share media until you know what it is.<\/p>\n<p>Second, when you want to verify information online, it can be easy to go down a rabbit hole, going off on tangents only distantly related to your original task. If you feel yourself getting overwhelmed in your fact-checking efforts, STOP and take a second to remember your purpose. If you just want to repost, read an interesting story, or get a high-level explanation of a concept, it\u2019s probably good enough to find out whether the publication is reputable. If you are doing deep research of your own, you may want to chase down individual claims in a newspaper article and independently verify them.<\/p>\n<p>Quick and shallow investigations will form most of what we do on the web. Being able to quickly look at the website or source of information to determine if the information is likely credible or not will help you determine if you should continue reading the information or move on. There are several ways to quickly determine that a website is fake.<\/p>\n<div class=\"block-list__content brand--body brand--linkColor brand--linkColor\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<div class=\"fr-view\">\n<ol>\n<li>Do a Visual Assessment. Look at the overall design, amount of ads, and use of altered images. Does the website seem high quality?<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">Identify the News Outlet. Is the outlet well known and trustworthy?<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Check the URL. Does the URL seem legitimate?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Scholarly or Popular?<\/h3>\n<p>When applying the SIFT method to historical research, one of the quickest ways to assess the reliability of a source is by determining if it is a scholarly or popular source. Popular articles or blog posts are typically written by the author to entertain or inform a general audience. These are not considered reliable sources for historical research. Scholarly articles are written by researchers or experts in a particular field. They use specialized vocabulary, have extensive citations, and are often peer-reviewed.\u00a0These articles are considered reliable sources for historical research. A peer review strengthens the credibility of a source.<\/p>\n<p>The physical appearance of print sources can help you identify the type of source as well. Popular magazines and trade publications are usually glossy with many photos. Scholarly journals are usually smaller and thicker with plain covers and images. In electronic sources, you can check for bibliographies and author credentials or affiliations as potential indicators of scholarly sources.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\n<th style=\"height: 12px; width: 58.5069px;\"><\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 12px; width: 178.507px;\">Purpose<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 12px; width: 121.84px;\">Author<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 12px; width: 252.951px;\">Review<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 12px; width: 194.062px;\">Citations<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 58.5069px;\"><strong>Popular<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a0Sources<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 178.507px;\">To inform, entertain, or elicit an emotional response<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 121.84px;\">Staff writers, journalists, freelancers, bloggers<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 252.951px;\">Staff editor<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 194.062px;\">May not have citations, or may be informal (ex. according to&#8230; or links)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 58.5069px;\"><strong>Scholarly Sources<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 178.507px;\">To share research or scholarship with the academic community<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 121.84px;\">Scholars\/researchers<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 252.951px;\">Editorial board made up of other scholars and researchers. Some articles are peer-reviewed<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 39px; width: 194.062px;\">Bibliographies, references, endnotes, footnotes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 aria-hidden=\"false\">Finding Scholarly Articles<\/h2>\n<div aria-hidden=\"false\">To find scholarly articles, you&#8217;ll want to search using specific search tools, libraries, or databases. Note that you are very unlikely to find reliable scholarly sources just through a quick google search. Your school library and most public libraries have access to specific scholarly journals or databases that can get you access to the types of peer-reviewed articles you need. Google scholar can be good for finding journals, though using your school library will often reveal more helpful results. When you search within your library catalog, you&#8217;ll find search results from the things that your library owns, including books, articles, journals, etc., but you&#8217;ll also want to find materials that they don&#8217;t own. This means that you&#8217;ll want to search inside of databases (which you can also access through the library). Some of the most popular databases for history include:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li aria-hidden=\"false\"><strong>America: History &amp; Life with Full Text (EBSCO):<\/strong>\u00a0Covers the history and culture of the United States and Canada, from prehistory to the present.<\/li>\n<li aria-hidden=\"false\"><strong>Historical Abstracts with Full Text (EBSCO):<\/strong>\u00a0Covers the history of the world (excluding the United States and Canada) from 1450 to the present, including world history, military history, women&#8217;s history, history of education, and more.<\/li>\n<li aria-hidden=\"false\"><strong>JSTOR:<\/strong>\u00a0Full-text access to the archives of 2,600+ journals and 35,000+ books in the arts, humanities, social sciences and sciences.<\/li>\n<li aria-hidden=\"false\"><strong>Project MUSE:<\/strong>\u00a0Full-text access to scholarly journals and e-books published by over 120 scholarly societies and university presses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"q-ckn7u46gn00143b6ef8hdl8bs\" class=\"quiz-card__title brand--body brand--linkColor brand--linkColor\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<div class=\"fr-view\">\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>Are these scholarly sources?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanheritage.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Heritage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jah.oah.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Journal of American History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.historyisnowmagazine.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">History is Now Magazine<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/journal\/jsouthernhistory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Journal of Southern History<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Scholarly or popular\" src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1291305494927788318\/embed\" width=\"1043\" height=\"419\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Activity<\/h3>\n<p>Use your school&#8217;s library website and find the page that lists historical databases. Take note of the recommended databases, or take a screenshot of the list, like this screenshot taken of results from the University of North Carolina-Charlotte:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3324\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/04\/22171118\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-22-at-1.10.58-PM.png\" alt=\"History databases: Academic Search Complete, America: History and Life, Google Scholar, Historical Abstracts, JSTOR, Project Muse\" width=\"753\" height=\"382\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">This article explains <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pcmag.com\/news\/how-to-take-a-screenshot-on-any-device#:~:text=If%20you%20have%20a%20Mac,pressing%20Command%2BShift%2B6.&amp;text=You%20can%20capture%20an%20image,4%20for%20a%20specific%20section.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how to take a screenshot<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-3424\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Check, Please! Starter Course. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Michael Caulfield. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.notion.so\/Check-Please-Starter-Course-ae34d043575e42828dc2964437ea4eed\">https:\/\/www.notion.so\/Check-Please-Starter-Course-ae34d043575e42828dc2964437ea4eed<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Best databases for history. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: University of Michigan. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.lib.umich.edu\/c.php?g=283205&#038;p=1886622\">https:\/\/guides.lib.umich.edu\/c.php?g=283205&#038;p=1886622<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":13,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Check, Please! 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