{"id":6905,"date":"2021-09-22T19:09:32","date_gmt":"2021-09-22T19:09:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=6905"},"modified":"2022-07-25T19:18:33","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T19:18:33","slug":"analyzing-photographs","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory1\/chapter\/analyzing-photographs\/","title":{"raw":"Analyzing Photographs","rendered":"Analyzing Photographs"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Analyze Civil War photographs as primary sources<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Making Observations<\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">The previous page gave you the opportunity to engage with a few Civil War images and make an initial study of them. Now we will continue to practice analyzing photographs as primary sources by doing a more thorough investigation of a photo. Take your time to examine the image so you can provide complete, informed responses to the questions. This process typically consists of (1) making observations, (2) reflecting, (3) doing further research, and (4) drawing conclusions from the photograph.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Let's begin by making observations.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Observe the Photo<\/h3>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_6471\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"627\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/27160424\/930hpr_50499c12819a56b-1200x961.jpeg\"><img class=\"wp-image-6471 \" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/27160424\/930hpr_50499c12819a56b-1200x961.jpeg\" alt=\"Photograph shows Union officers and enlisted men standing around a large mortar on a platform on a flatbed railroad car near Petersburg, Virginia.\" width=\"627\" height=\"502\" \/><\/a> <strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. A Civil War photograph by David Knox in Petersburg, Va. Knox was trained by\u00a0<span id=\"Alexander_Gardner\" class=\"mw-headline\">Alexander Gardner, who worked for Mathew Brady until opening his own studio in 1863.\u00a0<\/span>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">First, let us OBSERVE the picture, meaning to examine the photograph and the details placed before you.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Consider the photograph above (Figure 1), and answer the following questions.<\/span>\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/40d8980a-72a7-496a-b91a-7524d28da0ae\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/2eb0d643-a63c-4961-90f7-47e7b62b988a\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/ffda7fe8-e436-43d6-8586-06b985a017a9\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/ca6a5c6d-c398-4518-8029-842ec85eec18\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Activity<\/h3>\r\nNow you can try it on your own. Select one photo from <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1e7aokzSRv7AKvEofw-Jj6I_0QDULD2JQNTaCR_mfuHY\/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this Civil War Photographs Document<\/a>. Then OBSERVE the picture, meaning to examine the details placed before you.\u00a0This is an open-ended exercise, but you can use the space below to jot down your ideas.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>What do you notice first?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What people and objects are shown?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How are they arranged?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is the physical setting?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What other details can you see?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Reflection<\/h3>\r\nNext, we will take time to REFLECT \u2013 to think deeper about the image before you.\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Reflect on the photo<\/h3>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_6471\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"522\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/27160424\/930hpr_50499c12819a56b-1200x961.jpeg\"><img class=\"wp-image-6471 \" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/27160424\/930hpr_50499c12819a56b-1200x961.jpeg\" alt=\"Photograph shows Union officers and enlisted men standing around a large mortar on a platform on a flatbed railroad car near Petersburg, Virginia.\" width=\"522\" height=\"418\" \/><\/a> <strong>Figure 2.<\/strong>\u00a0A Civil War photograph by David Knox in Petersburg, Va. Knox was trained by\u00a0<span id=\"Alexander_Gardner\" class=\"mw-headline\">Alexander Gardner, who worked for Mathew Brady until opening his own studio in 1863.\u00a0<\/span>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Consider the photograph above (Figure 1), and answer the following questions.<\/span>\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/a1a62715-f690-4b48-a10e-4ecc991c794b\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/8c12d02d-a375-4b0f-87a3-cf02b2497100\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/5b5bf592-56fb-4eba-8b63-32db4e606fdb\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/8cfec21c-f0f7-45bc-934e-5b71e070fe45\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/a200800c-7596-447b-8a50-4552b914a114\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Activity<\/h3>\r\nNow, take time to REFLECT \u2013 to think deeper about the image before you. Examine the photograph you chose from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1e7aokzSRv7AKvEofw-Jj6I_0QDULD2JQNTaCR_mfuHY\/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this Civil War Photographs Document<\/a> again.\u00a0This is an open-ended exercise, but you can use the space below to jot down your ideas.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Why do you think this image was made?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What\u2019s happening in the image?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When do you think it was made?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Who do you think was the audience for this image?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What can you learn from examining this image?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Further Research<\/h2>\r\nWe learned earlier about a helpful mnemonic that reminds us to pause and gather a little more information about sources before we do anything with them. This is called the SIFT method, which stands for\u00a0stop, investigate, find better coverage, and trace claims. Just as you might do this with a quote or article you find online, you should also do this with images. Fortunately, you can do this relatively simply by using the image search feature in your web browser. When in Google Chrome, just right-click the image and choose \"Search Image with Google Lens.\"\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_7932\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"740\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/09\/17150851\/Screen-Shot-2022-02-17-at-10.08.07-AM.png\"><img class=\"wp-image-7932\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/09\/17150851\/Screen-Shot-2022-02-17-at-10.08.07-AM.png\" alt=\"Civil War photograph with a screenshot showing a right click and &quot;Search Image with Google Lens&quot; selected.\" width=\"740\" height=\"507\" \/><\/a> <strong>Figure 3<\/strong>. Right click on an image inside of Google Chrome to \"Search Image with Google Lens\" (Note that this was previously labeled \"Search Google for Image.\")[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThat will take you to your search results and to Google's best visual matches. Note that this tool even lets you search within an image, so you can zoom in on specific aspects of the photograph to learn more.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_7933\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"807\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/09\/17151205\/Screen-Shot-2022-02-17-at-10.11.22-AM.png\"><img class=\"wp-image-7933 \" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/09\/17151205\/Screen-Shot-2022-02-17-at-10.11.22-AM.png\" alt=\"Search results after using Google lens. \" width=\"807\" height=\"369\" \/><\/a> <strong>Figure 4<\/strong>. This shows the search results after using Google lens, which can reveal more insights into your image. Sometimes this will give you the information you need from the \"visual matches\" section, or you may need to do a reverse-image search, which you can do by choosing the option to \"Retry with Google Images\" in the lower-right corner.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nIf Google Lens does not provide the search results you need, another way to access the reserve image search tool is by using the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imghp?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Images<\/a>\u00a0search feature. To do this, right-click on an image you are curious about, and click \"Copy image address.\" Click the \"Click Search by image icon (<img title=\"Search by image\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/wmk1cGQVYoP7ykRcJxdHA9Hapw769_bMn9AysODIucVv4TQBUtoESzDk9ADy_-Hq34o=w36-h36\" alt=\"Search by image\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" data-mime-type=\"image\/png\" data-alt-src=\"\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/wmk1cGQVYoP7ykRcJxdHA9Hapw769_bMn9AysODIucVv4TQBUtoESzDk9ADy_-Hq34o\" \/>) in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imghp?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Images<\/a> and paste your image URL into the textbox.\r\n\r\nYou can also modify the words in the image search text to look for different results. Google automatically searched for \"Civil War Photo\" in this example, and when we click on the first image, it takes us to a Library of Congress page about \"The Dictator\" mortar.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_6745\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"539\"]<a style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/16122741\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-16-at-8.23.05-AM.png\"><img class=\"wp-image-6745\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/16122741\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-16-at-8.23.05-AM.png\" alt=\"Google image search results showing the subject line changed to &quot;Civil War photo&quot;\" width=\"539\" height=\"323\" \/><\/a> <strong>Figure 5<\/strong>. Because Google search automatically guesses search terms and sometimes those searches are incorrect, you can change the search terminology to something more broad to get even more results.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe results verify that the gun was called the \"Dictator\" and was used during the siege of Petersburg.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_6744\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"596\"]<a style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/16122736\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-16-at-8.23.16-AM.png\"><img class=\"wp-image-6744\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/16122736\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-16-at-8.23.16-AM.png\" alt=\"Google image search results showing the Library of Congress search results for &quot;The Dictator&quot; cannon.\" width=\"596\" height=\"185\" \/><\/a> <strong>Figure 6<\/strong>. Google image search results reveal that the Civil War Image with the large cannon was, in fact, used at the siege of Petersburg, and it was also called the \"Dictator.\"[\/caption]\r\n\r\nNow that we've found the key information, we can use the regular Google Search tool to find even more information about it. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/ironbrigader.com\/2011\/12\/13\/seacoast-mortar-called-the-dictator-siege-petersburg-1864\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this Civil War website<\/a> has a short article about \"The Dictator,\" where we learn that the mortar weighed 17,120 pounds, was moved by railroad, and fired from a flatcar, where it recoiled 10 to 12 feet when fired. It was used by the Union Army, aimed at Confederate artillery, firing 218 rounds during the siege at Petersburg.\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nIt is your turn to conduct further research on a photograph.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Following the steps explained above, perform a Google Search on the image below.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Then explore a few of the websites from the search results.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Answer the question below.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"607\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/mk0americainclatvlsi.kinstacdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/freed-slaves-sc.jpg\" alt=\"The Enslaved and the Civil War \u2013 America in Class \u2013 resources for history &amp;amp; literature teachers from the National Humanities Center\" width=\"607\" height=\"455\" \/> <strong>Figure 7<\/strong>. What is shown in this image? Use Google image search to find out![\/caption]\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/c5d3d4e7-dd69-41dd-943c-9b8cbb72b543\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Activity<\/h3>\r\nReturn to the photo you used from <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1e7aokzSRv7AKvEofw-Jj6I_0QDULD2JQNTaCR_mfuHY\/edit?usp=sharing\">the Civil War Photographs Document<\/a>.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Follow the Google Image search process outlined above to do further research on your chosen photograph.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Compose a paragraph teaching us about your photograph. Try to include location, name of subjects in the image, date (at least the year), and whether it portrays a Union or Confederate scene.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lastly, explain why this photograph is significant\u2014how does it enhance our understanding of the Civil War?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nThis is an open-ended exercise, but you can use the space below to jot down your ideas.\r\n\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\r\nThe photographs taken by Mathew Brady and his team are an important collection of primary sources from the Civil War. While to modern viewers perhaps these images of wounded and deceased bodies are not graphic, to Americans at the time - unexposed to scenes like this - these were shocking. As historian Drew Faust writes, \"For the first time civilians directly confronted the reality of battlefield death, rendered by the new art of photography. They found themselves transfixed by the paradoxically lifelike renderings of the slain . . . . If Brady 'has not brought bodies and laid them in our doorways and along the streets, he has done something very like it,' wrote the\u00a0<em>New York Times<\/em>.'\" [from <em>This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War<\/em>, by Drew Gilpin Faust, New York: Vintage Books, 2008, pages xvi-xvii]\r\n\r\nHistorians can also be transfixed by these invaluable primary sources that captured a tragic and crucial time in the history of the United States. With critical analysis and careful consideration of these photographs, we can learn a great deal about the time when America went to war with itself. That is the power of primary source photographs from any time period - they offer us a unique lens into our history, bringing to life people and places from the past.","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Analyze Civil War photographs as primary sources<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Making Observations<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The previous page gave you the opportunity to engage with a few Civil War images and make an initial study of them. Now we will continue to practice analyzing photographs as primary sources by doing a more thorough investigation of a photo. Take your time to examine the image so you can provide complete, informed responses to the questions. This process typically consists of (1) making observations, (2) reflecting, (3) doing further research, and (4) drawing conclusions from the photograph.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Let&#8217;s begin by making observations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Observe the Photo<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_6471\" style=\"width: 637px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/27160424\/930hpr_50499c12819a56b-1200x961.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6471\" class=\"wp-image-6471\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/27160424\/930hpr_50499c12819a56b-1200x961.jpeg\" alt=\"Photograph shows Union officers and enlisted men standing around a large mortar on a platform on a flatbed railroad car near Petersburg, Virginia.\" width=\"627\" height=\"502\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-6471\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. A Civil War photograph by David Knox in Petersburg, Va. Knox was trained by\u00a0<span id=\"Alexander_Gardner\" class=\"mw-headline\">Alexander Gardner, who worked for Mathew Brady until opening his own studio in 1863.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">First, let us OBSERVE the picture, meaning to examine the photograph and the details placed before you.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Consider the photograph above (Figure 1), and answer the following questions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_40d8980a-72a7-496a-b91a-7524d28da0ae\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/40d8980a-72a7-496a-b91a-7524d28da0ae?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_40d8980a-72a7-496a-b91a-7524d28da0ae\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_2eb0d643-a63c-4961-90f7-47e7b62b988a\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/2eb0d643-a63c-4961-90f7-47e7b62b988a?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_2eb0d643-a63c-4961-90f7-47e7b62b988a\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_ffda7fe8-e436-43d6-8586-06b985a017a9\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/ffda7fe8-e436-43d6-8586-06b985a017a9?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_ffda7fe8-e436-43d6-8586-06b985a017a9\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_ca6a5c6d-c398-4518-8029-842ec85eec18\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/ca6a5c6d-c398-4518-8029-842ec85eec18?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_ca6a5c6d-c398-4518-8029-842ec85eec18\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Activity<\/h3>\n<p>Now you can try it on your own. Select one photo from <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1e7aokzSRv7AKvEofw-Jj6I_0QDULD2JQNTaCR_mfuHY\/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this Civil War Photographs Document<\/a>. Then OBSERVE the picture, meaning to examine the details placed before you.\u00a0This is an open-ended exercise, but you can use the space below to jot down your ideas.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>What do you notice first?<\/li>\n<li>What people and objects are shown?<\/li>\n<li>How are they arranged?<\/li>\n<li>What is the physical setting?<\/li>\n<li>What other details can you see?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Reflection<\/h3>\n<p>Next, we will take time to REFLECT \u2013 to think deeper about the image before you.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Reflect on the photo<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_6471\" style=\"width: 532px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/27160424\/930hpr_50499c12819a56b-1200x961.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6471\" class=\"wp-image-6471\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/27160424\/930hpr_50499c12819a56b-1200x961.jpeg\" alt=\"Photograph shows Union officers and enlisted men standing around a large mortar on a platform on a flatbed railroad car near Petersburg, Virginia.\" width=\"522\" height=\"418\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-6471\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 2.<\/strong>\u00a0A Civil War photograph by David Knox in Petersburg, Va. Knox was trained by\u00a0<span id=\"Alexander_Gardner\" class=\"mw-headline\">Alexander Gardner, who worked for Mathew Brady until opening his own studio in 1863.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Consider the photograph above (Figure 1), and answer the following questions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_a1a62715-f690-4b48-a10e-4ecc991c794b\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/a1a62715-f690-4b48-a10e-4ecc991c794b?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_a1a62715-f690-4b48-a10e-4ecc991c794b\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_8c12d02d-a375-4b0f-87a3-cf02b2497100\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/8c12d02d-a375-4b0f-87a3-cf02b2497100?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_8c12d02d-a375-4b0f-87a3-cf02b2497100\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_5b5bf592-56fb-4eba-8b63-32db4e606fdb\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/5b5bf592-56fb-4eba-8b63-32db4e606fdb?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_5b5bf592-56fb-4eba-8b63-32db4e606fdb\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_8cfec21c-f0f7-45bc-934e-5b71e070fe45\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/8cfec21c-f0f7-45bc-934e-5b71e070fe45?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_8cfec21c-f0f7-45bc-934e-5b71e070fe45\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_a200800c-7596-447b-8a50-4552b914a114\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/a200800c-7596-447b-8a50-4552b914a114?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_a200800c-7596-447b-8a50-4552b914a114\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Activity<\/h3>\n<p>Now, take time to REFLECT \u2013 to think deeper about the image before you. Examine the photograph you chose from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1e7aokzSRv7AKvEofw-Jj6I_0QDULD2JQNTaCR_mfuHY\/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this Civil War Photographs Document<\/a> again.\u00a0This is an open-ended exercise, but you can use the space below to jot down your ideas.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Why do you think this image was made?<\/li>\n<li>What\u2019s happening in the image?<\/li>\n<li>When do you think it was made?<\/li>\n<li>Who do you think was the audience for this image?<\/li>\n<li>What can you learn from examining this image?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Further Research<\/h2>\n<p>We learned earlier about a helpful mnemonic that reminds us to pause and gather a little more information about sources before we do anything with them. This is called the SIFT method, which stands for\u00a0stop, investigate, find better coverage, and trace claims. Just as you might do this with a quote or article you find online, you should also do this with images. Fortunately, you can do this relatively simply by using the image search feature in your web browser. When in Google Chrome, just right-click the image and choose &#8220;Search Image with Google Lens.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7932\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/09\/17150851\/Screen-Shot-2022-02-17-at-10.08.07-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7932\" class=\"wp-image-7932\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/09\/17150851\/Screen-Shot-2022-02-17-at-10.08.07-AM.png\" alt=\"Civil War photograph with a screenshot showing a right click and &quot;Search Image with Google Lens&quot; selected.\" width=\"740\" height=\"507\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-7932\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 3<\/strong>. Right click on an image inside of Google Chrome to &#8220;Search Image with Google Lens&#8221; (Note that this was previously labeled &#8220;Search Google for Image.&#8221;)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>That will take you to your search results and to Google&#8217;s best visual matches. Note that this tool even lets you search within an image, so you can zoom in on specific aspects of the photograph to learn more.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7933\" style=\"width: 817px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/09\/17151205\/Screen-Shot-2022-02-17-at-10.11.22-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7933\" class=\"wp-image-7933\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/09\/17151205\/Screen-Shot-2022-02-17-at-10.11.22-AM.png\" alt=\"Search results after using Google lens.\" width=\"807\" height=\"369\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-7933\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 4<\/strong>. This shows the search results after using Google lens, which can reveal more insights into your image. Sometimes this will give you the information you need from the &#8220;visual matches&#8221; section, or you may need to do a reverse-image search, which you can do by choosing the option to &#8220;Retry with Google Images&#8221; in the lower-right corner.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>If Google Lens does not provide the search results you need, another way to access the reserve image search tool is by using the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imghp?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Images<\/a>\u00a0search feature. To do this, right-click on an image you are curious about, and click &#8220;Copy image address.&#8221; Click the &#8220;Click Search by image icon (<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Search by image\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/wmk1cGQVYoP7ykRcJxdHA9Hapw769_bMn9AysODIucVv4TQBUtoESzDk9ADy_-Hq34o=w36-h36\" alt=\"Search by image\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" data-mime-type=\"image\/png\" data-alt-src=\"\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/wmk1cGQVYoP7ykRcJxdHA9Hapw769_bMn9AysODIucVv4TQBUtoESzDk9ADy_-Hq34o\" \/>) in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imghp?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Images<\/a> and paste your image URL into the textbox.<\/p>\n<p>You can also modify the words in the image search text to look for different results. Google automatically searched for &#8220;Civil War Photo&#8221; in this example, and when we click on the first image, it takes us to a Library of Congress page about &#8220;The Dictator&#8221; mortar.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6745\" style=\"width: 549px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/16122741\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-16-at-8.23.05-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6745\" class=\"wp-image-6745\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/16122741\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-16-at-8.23.05-AM.png\" alt=\"Google image search results showing the subject line changed to &quot;Civil War photo&quot;\" width=\"539\" height=\"323\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-6745\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 5<\/strong>. Because Google search automatically guesses search terms and sometimes those searches are incorrect, you can change the search terminology to something more broad to get even more results.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The results verify that the gun was called the &#8220;Dictator&#8221; and was used during the siege of Petersburg.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6744\" style=\"width: 606px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/16122736\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-16-at-8.23.16-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6744\" class=\"wp-image-6744\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5595\/2021\/07\/16122736\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-16-at-8.23.16-AM.png\" alt=\"Google image search results showing the Library of Congress search results for &quot;The Dictator&quot; cannon.\" width=\"596\" height=\"185\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-6744\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 6<\/strong>. Google image search results reveal that the Civil War Image with the large cannon was, in fact, used at the siege of Petersburg, and it was also called the &#8220;Dictator.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Now that we&#8217;ve found the key information, we can use the regular Google Search tool to find even more information about it. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/ironbrigader.com\/2011\/12\/13\/seacoast-mortar-called-the-dictator-siege-petersburg-1864\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this Civil War website<\/a> has a short article about &#8220;The Dictator,&#8221; where we learn that the mortar weighed 17,120 pounds, was moved by railroad, and fired from a flatcar, where it recoiled 10 to 12 feet when fired. It was used by the Union Army, aimed at Confederate artillery, firing 218 rounds during the siege at Petersburg.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>It is your turn to conduct further research on a photograph.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Following the steps explained above, perform a Google Search on the image below.<\/li>\n<li>Then explore a few of the websites from the search results.<\/li>\n<li>Answer the question below.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"width: 617px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mk0americainclatvlsi.kinstacdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/freed-slaves-sc.jpg\" alt=\"The Enslaved and the Civil War \u2013 America in Class \u2013 resources for history &amp;amp; literature teachers from the National Humanities Center\" width=\"607\" height=\"455\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 7<\/strong>. What is shown in this image? Use Google image search to find out!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_c5d3d4e7-dd69-41dd-943c-9b8cbb72b543\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/c5d3d4e7-dd69-41dd-943c-9b8cbb72b543?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_c5d3d4e7-dd69-41dd-943c-9b8cbb72b543\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Activity<\/h3>\n<p>Return to the photo you used from <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1e7aokzSRv7AKvEofw-Jj6I_0QDULD2JQNTaCR_mfuHY\/edit?usp=sharing\">the Civil War Photographs Document<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Follow the Google Image search process outlined above to do further research on your chosen photograph.<\/li>\n<li>Compose a paragraph teaching us about your photograph. Try to include location, name of subjects in the image, date (at least the year), and whether it portrays a Union or Confederate scene.<\/li>\n<li>Lastly, explain why this photograph is significant\u2014how does it enhance our understanding of the Civil War?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This is an open-ended exercise, but you can use the space below to jot down your ideas.<\/p>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>The photographs taken by Mathew Brady and his team are an important collection of primary sources from the Civil War. While to modern viewers perhaps these images of wounded and deceased bodies are not graphic, to Americans at the time &#8211; unexposed to scenes like this &#8211; these were shocking. As historian Drew Faust writes, &#8220;For the first time civilians directly confronted the reality of battlefield death, rendered by the new art of photography. They found themselves transfixed by the paradoxically lifelike renderings of the slain . . . . If Brady &#8216;has not brought bodies and laid them in our doorways and along the streets, he has done something very like it,&#8217; wrote the\u00a0<em>New York Times<\/em>.'&#8221; [from <em>This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War<\/em>, by Drew Gilpin Faust, New York: Vintage Books, 2008, pages xvi-xvii]<\/p>\n<p>Historians can also be transfixed by these invaluable primary sources that captured a tragic and crucial time in the history of the United States. With critical analysis and careful consideration of these photographs, we can learn a great deal about the time when America went to war with itself. That is the power of primary source photographs from any time period &#8211; they offer us a unique lens into our history, bringing to life people and places from the past.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-6905\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Analyzing Photographs. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Megan Coplen for Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Dictactor Mortar. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Library of Congress. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/resource\/ppmsca.32420\/\">https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/resource\/ppmsca.32420\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/pdm\">Public Domain: No Known Copyright<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Analyzing Photographs and Prints. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Library of Congress. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/static\/programs\/teachers\/getting-started-with-primary-sources\/documents\/Analyzing_Photographs_and_Prints.pdf\">https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/static\/programs\/teachers\/getting-started-with-primary-sources\/documents\/Analyzing_Photographs_and_Prints.pdf<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/pdm\">Public Domain: No Known Copyright<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">Public domain content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Civil War Photograph. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Getty. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.getty.edu\/art\/collection\/objects\/40196\/henry-p-moore-slaves-of-general-thomas-f-drayton-american-about-1862-1863\/\">https:\/\/www.getty.edu\/art\/collection\/objects\/40196\/henry-p-moore-slaves-of-general-thomas-f-drayton-american-about-1862-1863\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/pdm\">Public Domain: No Known Copyright<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":18,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Analyzing Photographs\",\"author\":\"Megan Coplen for Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen 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