{"id":1643,"date":"2021-07-16T19:32:16","date_gmt":"2021-07-16T19:32:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1643"},"modified":"2022-09-15T23:40:05","modified_gmt":"2022-09-15T23:40:05","slug":"wilsons-new-freedom","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/chapter\/wilsons-new-freedom\/","title":{"raw":"Wilson's New Freedom","rendered":"Wilson&#8217;s New Freedom"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Summarize Wilson's presidency, including the main pieces of legislation coming from his \u201cNew Freedom\u201d agenda<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<section id=\"fs-idm5596784\" data-depth=\"1\">\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp645344\">When Wilson took office in March 1913, he immediately met with Congress to outline his <strong>New Freedom<\/strong> agenda for how progressive interests could be best preserved. His plan was simple: regulate the banks and big businesses, and lower tariff rates to increase international trade, increasing competition in the interest of consumers. Wilson took the unusual step of calling a special session of Congress in April 1913 to tackle the tariff question, which resulted in the Revenue Act of 1913, also known as the Underwood Tariff Act. This legislation lowered tariff rates across the board by approximately 15 percent and completely eliminated tariffs on several imports, including steel, iron ore, woolen products, and farm tools. To offset the potential loss of federal revenue, this new law reinstituted the federal income tax, which followed the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment. This first income tax required married couples who earned $4000 or more, and single people who earned $3000 or more, to pay a 1-percent, graduated income tax, with the tax rate getting progressively higher for those who earned more.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm79040976\">Late in 1913, Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act to regulate the banking industry and establish a federal banking system. Designed to remove power over interest rates from the hands of private bankers, the new system created twelve privately owned regional reserve banks regulated by a presidentially appointed Federal Reserve Board. The Board, known informally as the Fed, regulated the interest rate at which reserve banks loaned or distributed money to other banks around the country. Thus, when economic times were challenging, such as during a recession, the Fed could lower this \u201cdiscount rate\u201d and encourage more borrowing, which put more currency in circulation for people to spend or invest. Conversely, the Fed could curb inflationary trends with interest hikes that discouraged borrowing. This system is still the basis for the country\u2019s modern banking model.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>WATCH IT<\/h3>\r\nHow did banking work before the passage of the Federal Reserve Act? Designed to prevent banking disasters, the Federal Reserve Act was a signature policy of Woodrow Wilson's \"New Freedom\".\r\n\r\n<center><iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=8186067&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=m2jL6l4n2XM&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-rrcjwjfj-m2jL6l4n2XM\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/center><center>You can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/US+history+II\/beforethefederalreservebankingsystem.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cBefore The Federal Reserve Banking System\u201d here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/center><\/div>\r\n<figure id=\"fs-idp30448\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"585\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/884\/2015\/08\/23202953\/CNX_History_21_04_FedReserve.jpg\" alt=\"Image (a) shows the front page of a newspaper that reads &quot;President\u2019s Signature Enacts Currency Law. Wilson Declares It the First of Series of Constructive Acts to Aid Business. Makes Speech to Group of Democratic Leaders. Conference Report Adopted in Senate by Vote of 43 to 25. Banks All Over the Country Hasten to Enter Federal Reserve Session. Gov-Elect Walsh Calls Passage of Bill a Fine Christmas Present. Wilson Sees Dawn of New Era in Business. Aims to Make Prosperity Free to Have Unimpeded Momentum.&quot; Photograph (b) is a portrait of Nelson Aldrich.\" width=\"585\" height=\"429\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\" \/> <strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. With the creation of the Federal Reserve Board, President Wilson set the stage for the modern banking system (a). This restructuring of the American financial system, which included the authorization of a federal income tax, was supported in large part by an influential Republican senator from Rhode Island, Nelson Aldrich (b), co-author of the Payne-Aldrich Act of 1909.[\/caption]<\/figure>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Link to Learning<\/h3>\r\nThe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2013\/12\/21\/the-federal-reserve-was-created-100-years-ago-this-is-how-it-happened\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">history of the Federal Reserve Act<\/a> is explored in <em data-effect=\"italics\">The Washington Post<\/em>, reflecting back on the act one hundred years later.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm45590080\">In early 1914, Wilson completed his New Freedom agenda with the passage of the Clayton Antitrust Act. This law expanded the power of the original Sherman Antitrust Act in order to allow the investigation and dismantling of more monopolies. It also\u00a0specifically regulated mergers and price discrimination and protected labor\u2019s access to collective bargaining and related strategies of picketing, boycotting, and protesting. Congress further created the Federal Trade Commission to enforce the Clayton Act, ensuring at least some measure of implementation.\u00a0The new act also took on the \u201cinterlocking directorates\u201d\u2014competing companies that still operated together in a form of oligopoly or conspiracy to restrain trade. His New Freedom agenda complete, Wilson turned his attention to foreign affairs, as war was quickly encompassing Europe.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm91788624\" data-depth=\"1\">\r\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">The Final Vestiges of Progressivism<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm45566144\">As the 1916 election approached, Wilson\u2019s focus on foreign affairs, as well as the natural effect of his small government agenda, left the 60 percent of the American public who had not voted for him the first time disinclined to change their minds and keep him in office. Realizing this, Wilson began a flurry of new Progressive reforms that impressed the voting public and ultimately proved to be the last wave of the Progressive Era. Some of the important measures that Wilson undertook to pass included the Federal Farm Act, which provided oversight of low-interest loans to millions of farmers in need of debt relief; the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act, which, although later deemed unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court, prohibited the interstate distribution of products by child workers under the age of fourteen; and the Adamson Act, which put in place the first federally mandated eight-hour workday for railroad workers.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm141814064\">Wilson also gained significant support from Jewish voters with his 1916 appointment of the first Jewish U.S. Supreme Court justice, Louis D. Brandeis. Popular among social justice Progressives, Brandeis went on to become one of the most renowned justices on the court for his defense of freedom of speech and right to privacy issues. Finally, Wilson gained the support of many working-class voters with his defense of labor and union rights during a violent coal strike in Ludlow, Colorado, as well as his actions to forestall a potential railroad strike with the passage of the aforementioned Adamson Act.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>LINK TO LEARNING<\/h3>\r\nLouis D. Brandeis was the first Jew on the US Supreme Court and was a champion of inquiry, learning, and serving others. He is the namesake of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brandeis.edu\/about\/louis-brandeis.html\">Brandeis University, located in Massachusetts<\/a>. The university's web page about Justice Brandeis includes links to other informational sites that discuss his life, experience on the court, and legacy.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm395760\">Wilson\u2019s actions in 1916 proved enough, but barely. In a close presidential election, he secured a second term by defeating former New York governor Charles Evans Hughes by a scant twenty-three electoral votes, and less than 600,000 popular votes. Influential states like Minnesota and New Hampshire were decided by less than four hundred votes.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp10112592\">Despite the fact that he ran for reelection with the slogan, \u201cHe Kept Us Out of the War,\u201d Wilson could not avoid the reach of World War I much longer. For Wilson and the American public, the Progressive Era was rapidly winding down. Although a few Progressive achievements were still to come in the areas of women\u2019s suffrage and prohibition, the country would soon be gripped by the war that Wilson had tried to avoid during his first term in office. When he took the oath for his second term, on March 4, 1917, Wilson was barely five weeks away from leading the United States in declaring war on Germany, a move that would put an end to the Progressive Era.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\r\nWatch this video to review the work done by the Progressive Era presidents\u2014Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. During their years in office, they helped to break up monopolies, lower tariffs, create national parks, develop social programs, and get women the right to vote, but their presidencies were also characterized by imperialism, nativism, division, and the entry into WWI.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/F7flSW1PGsA?t=1s\r\n\r\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/US+history+II\/ProgressivePresidentsCrashCourseUSHistory29.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cProgressive Presidents: Crash Course US History #29\u201d here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/87ce8130-42b3-42d3-a879-bd7e8ffab172\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3>Review Questions<\/h3>\r\n<section>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Explain the fundamental differences between Roosevelt\u2019s \u201cNew Nationalism\u201d and Wilson\u2019s \u201cNew Freedom.\u201d\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"499039\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"499039\"]The major difference between Roosevelt\u2019s New Nationalism and Wilson\u2019s New Freedom concerned the candidates\u2019 beliefs about the necessary size of the federal government. Wilson believed that a small federal government could keep bad businesses in check while allowing the country to grow. Roosevelt, in contrast, believed that the country required a large and involved federal government to safeguard the interests of the American people.[\/hidden-answer]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Why did Wilson\u2019s \u201cNew Freedom\u201d agenda come in two distinct phases (1913 and 1916)?\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"725778\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"725778\"]Wilson\u2019s actions were limited by his belief in his New Freedom platform, which promised voters a small government. Still, he took a number of steps in the first year of his presidency to shore up the economy and push back against destructive trusts. With those goals accomplished, he largely left the Progressive agenda alone. As the 1916 election season approached, however, Wilson realized that his hands-off policy was not endearing him to voters, and he ended his first term in a flurry of Progressive legislation that reminded the voting public of all he could do for them.[\/hidden-answer]<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Glossary<\/h3>\r\n<strong>New Freedom:\u00a0<\/strong>Woodrow Wilson\u2019s campaign platform for the 1912 election that called for regulating banks and big businesses, lowering tariffs to increase international trade, and increasing competition in the interest of consumers.\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Summarize Wilson&#8217;s presidency, including the main pieces of legislation coming from his \u201cNew Freedom\u201d agenda<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"fs-idm5596784\" data-depth=\"1\">\n<p id=\"fs-idp645344\">When Wilson took office in March 1913, he immediately met with Congress to outline his <strong>New Freedom<\/strong> agenda for how progressive interests could be best preserved. His plan was simple: regulate the banks and big businesses, and lower tariff rates to increase international trade, increasing competition in the interest of consumers. Wilson took the unusual step of calling a special session of Congress in April 1913 to tackle the tariff question, which resulted in the Revenue Act of 1913, also known as the Underwood Tariff Act. This legislation lowered tariff rates across the board by approximately 15 percent and completely eliminated tariffs on several imports, including steel, iron ore, woolen products, and farm tools. To offset the potential loss of federal revenue, this new law reinstituted the federal income tax, which followed the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment. This first income tax required married couples who earned $4000 or more, and single people who earned $3000 or more, to pay a 1-percent, graduated income tax, with the tax rate getting progressively higher for those who earned more.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idm79040976\">Late in 1913, Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act to regulate the banking industry and establish a federal banking system. Designed to remove power over interest rates from the hands of private bankers, the new system created twelve privately owned regional reserve banks regulated by a presidentially appointed Federal Reserve Board. The Board, known informally as the Fed, regulated the interest rate at which reserve banks loaned or distributed money to other banks around the country. Thus, when economic times were challenging, such as during a recession, the Fed could lower this \u201cdiscount rate\u201d and encourage more borrowing, which put more currency in circulation for people to spend or invest. Conversely, the Fed could curb inflationary trends with interest hikes that discouraged borrowing. This system is still the basis for the country\u2019s modern banking model.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>WATCH IT<\/h3>\n<p>How did banking work before the passage of the Federal Reserve Act? Designed to prevent banking disasters, the Federal Reserve Act was a signature policy of Woodrow Wilson&#8217;s &#8220;New Freedom&#8221;.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=8186067&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=m2jL6l4n2XM&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-rrcjwjfj-m2jL6l4n2XM\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">You can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/US+history+II\/beforethefederalreservebankingsystem.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cBefore The Federal Reserve Banking System\u201d here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"fs-idp30448\">\n<div style=\"width: 595px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/884\/2015\/08\/23202953\/CNX_History_21_04_FedReserve.jpg\" alt=\"Image (a) shows the front page of a newspaper that reads &quot;President\u2019s Signature Enacts Currency Law. Wilson Declares It the First of Series of Constructive Acts to Aid Business. Makes Speech to Group of Democratic Leaders. Conference Report Adopted in Senate by Vote of 43 to 25. Banks All Over the Country Hasten to Enter Federal Reserve Session. Gov-Elect Walsh Calls Passage of Bill a Fine Christmas Present. Wilson Sees Dawn of New Era in Business. Aims to Make Prosperity Free to Have Unimpeded Momentum.&quot; Photograph (b) is a portrait of Nelson Aldrich.\" width=\"585\" height=\"429\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. With the creation of the Federal Reserve Board, President Wilson set the stage for the modern banking system (a). This restructuring of the American financial system, which included the authorization of a federal income tax, was supported in large part by an influential Republican senator from Rhode Island, Nelson Aldrich (b), co-author of the Payne-Aldrich Act of 1909.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Link to Learning<\/h3>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2013\/12\/21\/the-federal-reserve-was-created-100-years-ago-this-is-how-it-happened\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">history of the Federal Reserve Act<\/a> is explored in <em data-effect=\"italics\">The Washington Post<\/em>, reflecting back on the act one hundred years later.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idm45590080\">In early 1914, Wilson completed his New Freedom agenda with the passage of the Clayton Antitrust Act. This law expanded the power of the original Sherman Antitrust Act in order to allow the investigation and dismantling of more monopolies. It also\u00a0specifically regulated mergers and price discrimination and protected labor\u2019s access to collective bargaining and related strategies of picketing, boycotting, and protesting. Congress further created the Federal Trade Commission to enforce the Clayton Act, ensuring at least some measure of implementation.\u00a0The new act also took on the \u201cinterlocking directorates\u201d\u2014competing companies that still operated together in a form of oligopoly or conspiracy to restrain trade. His New Freedom agenda complete, Wilson turned his attention to foreign affairs, as war was quickly encompassing Europe.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm91788624\" data-depth=\"1\">\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">The Final Vestiges of Progressivism<\/h2>\n<p id=\"fs-idm45566144\">As the 1916 election approached, Wilson\u2019s focus on foreign affairs, as well as the natural effect of his small government agenda, left the 60 percent of the American public who had not voted for him the first time disinclined to change their minds and keep him in office. Realizing this, Wilson began a flurry of new Progressive reforms that impressed the voting public and ultimately proved to be the last wave of the Progressive Era. Some of the important measures that Wilson undertook to pass included the Federal Farm Act, which provided oversight of low-interest loans to millions of farmers in need of debt relief; the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act, which, although later deemed unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court, prohibited the interstate distribution of products by child workers under the age of fourteen; and the Adamson Act, which put in place the first federally mandated eight-hour workday for railroad workers.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idm141814064\">Wilson also gained significant support from Jewish voters with his 1916 appointment of the first Jewish U.S. Supreme Court justice, Louis D. Brandeis. Popular among social justice Progressives, Brandeis went on to become one of the most renowned justices on the court for his defense of freedom of speech and right to privacy issues. Finally, Wilson gained the support of many working-class voters with his defense of labor and union rights during a violent coal strike in Ludlow, Colorado, as well as his actions to forestall a potential railroad strike with the passage of the aforementioned Adamson Act.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>LINK TO LEARNING<\/h3>\n<p>Louis D. Brandeis was the first Jew on the US Supreme Court and was a champion of inquiry, learning, and serving others. He is the namesake of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brandeis.edu\/about\/louis-brandeis.html\">Brandeis University, located in Massachusetts<\/a>. The university&#8217;s web page about Justice Brandeis includes links to other informational sites that discuss his life, experience on the court, and legacy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idm395760\">Wilson\u2019s actions in 1916 proved enough, but barely. In a close presidential election, he secured a second term by defeating former New York governor Charles Evans Hughes by a scant twenty-three electoral votes, and less than 600,000 popular votes. Influential states like Minnesota and New Hampshire were decided by less than four hundred votes.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp10112592\">Despite the fact that he ran for reelection with the slogan, \u201cHe Kept Us Out of the War,\u201d Wilson could not avoid the reach of World War I much longer. For Wilson and the American public, the Progressive Era was rapidly winding down. Although a few Progressive achievements were still to come in the areas of women\u2019s suffrage and prohibition, the country would soon be gripped by the war that Wilson had tried to avoid during his first term in office. When he took the oath for his second term, on March 4, 1917, Wilson was barely five weeks away from leading the United States in declaring war on Germany, a move that would put an end to the Progressive Era.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\n<p>Watch this video to review the work done by the Progressive Era presidents\u2014Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. During their years in office, they helped to break up monopolies, lower tariffs, create national parks, develop social programs, and get women the right to vote, but their presidencies were also characterized by imperialism, nativism, division, and the entry into WWI.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Progressive Presidents: Crash Course US History #29\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/F7flSW1PGsA?start=1&#38;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>You can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/US+history+II\/ProgressivePresidentsCrashCourseUSHistory29.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cProgressive Presidents: Crash Course US History #29\u201d here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_87ce8130-42b3-42d3-a879-bd7e8ffab172\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/87ce8130-42b3-42d3-a879-bd7e8ffab172?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_87ce8130-42b3-42d3-a879-bd7e8ffab172\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>Review Questions<\/h3>\n<section>\n<ol>\n<li>Explain the fundamental differences between Roosevelt\u2019s \u201cNew Nationalism\u201d and Wilson\u2019s \u201cNew Freedom.\u201d\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q499039\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q499039\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">The major difference between Roosevelt\u2019s New Nationalism and Wilson\u2019s New Freedom concerned the candidates\u2019 beliefs about the necessary size of the federal government. Wilson believed that a small federal government could keep bad businesses in check while allowing the country to grow. Roosevelt, in contrast, believed that the country required a large and involved federal government to safeguard the interests of the American people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Why did Wilson\u2019s \u201cNew Freedom\u201d agenda come in two distinct phases (1913 and 1916)?\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q725778\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q725778\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Wilson\u2019s actions were limited by his belief in his New Freedom platform, which promised voters a small government. Still, he took a number of steps in the first year of his presidency to shore up the economy and push back against destructive trusts. With those goals accomplished, he largely left the Progressive agenda alone. As the 1916 election season approached, however, Wilson realized that his hands-off policy was not endearing him to voters, and he ended his first term in a flurry of Progressive legislation that reminded the voting public of all he could do for them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Glossary<\/h3>\n<p><strong>New Freedom:\u00a0<\/strong>Woodrow Wilson\u2019s campaign platform for the 1912 election that called for regulating banks and big businesses, lowering tariffs to increase international trade, and increasing competition in the interest of consumers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1643\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>US History. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\/textbooks\/us-history\">http:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\/textbooks\/us-history<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/us-history\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Progressive Presidents: Crash Course US History #29. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Crash Course. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/F7flSW1PGsA?t=1s\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/F7flSW1PGsA?t=1s<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>Before The Federal Reserve Banking System. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: NBC News Learn. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=m2jL6l4n2XM&#038;t=1s\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=m2jL6l4n2XM&#038;t=1s<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":23592,"menu_order":15,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"US History\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\/textbooks\/us-history\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/us-history\/pages\/1-introduction\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Progressive Presidents: Crash Course US History #29\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Crash 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