{"id":1873,"date":"2021-07-30T05:16:02","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T05:16:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1873"},"modified":"2022-05-20T18:36:23","modified_gmt":"2022-05-20T18:36:23","slug":"introduction-to-the-end-of-the-vietnam-war","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/chapter\/introduction-to-the-end-of-the-vietnam-war\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to the End of the Vietnam War","rendered":"Introduction to the End of the Vietnam War"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>What you'll learn to do: explain U.S. opposition to the War in Vietnam and the eventual withdraw of U.S. troops from the war<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_7341\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"463\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5696\/2021\/07\/17020217\/vietnamwar1.jpeg\"><img class=\"wp-image-7341\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5696\/2021\/07\/17020217\/vietnamwar1.jpeg\" alt=\"Protesters holding a large sign saying &quot;End the War Now! Bring the Troops Home&quot;.\" width=\"463\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a> <strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> An antiwar protest.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAs the war in Vietnam raged on,\u00a0the moral questions it raised continued to divide the American public.\u00a0To try to end the conflict, Nixon escalated it by bombing Hanoi and invading Cambodia to eliminate sources of Viet Cong support.\u00a0Instead,\u00a0his actions provoked massive antiwar demonstrations in the United States that often ended in violence, such as the tragic shooting of unarmed student protestors at Kent State University in 1970. The 1971 release of the Pentagon Papers revealed the true nature of the war to an increasingly disapproving and disenchanted public. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger eventually drafted a peace treaty with North Vietnam, and, after handing over responsibility for the war to South Vietnam, the United States withdrew its troops in 1973. South Vietnam surrendered to the North two years later.","rendered":"<h2>What you&#8217;ll learn to do: explain U.S. opposition to the War in Vietnam and the eventual withdraw of U.S. troops from the war<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_7341\" style=\"width: 473px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5696\/2021\/07\/17020217\/vietnamwar1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7341\" class=\"wp-image-7341\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5696\/2021\/07\/17020217\/vietnamwar1.jpeg\" alt=\"Protesters holding a large sign saying &quot;End the War Now! Bring the Troops Home&quot;.\" width=\"463\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-7341\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> An antiwar protest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>As the war in Vietnam raged on,\u00a0the moral questions it raised continued to divide the American public.\u00a0To try to end the conflict, Nixon escalated it by bombing Hanoi and invading Cambodia to eliminate sources of Viet Cong support.\u00a0Instead,\u00a0his actions provoked massive antiwar demonstrations in the United States that often ended in violence, such as the tragic shooting of unarmed student protestors at Kent State University in 1970. The 1971 release of the Pentagon Papers revealed the true nature of the war to an increasingly disapproving and disenchanted public. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger eventually drafted a peace treaty with North Vietnam, and, after handing over responsibility for the war to South Vietnam, the United States withdrew its troops in 1973. South Vietnam surrendered to the North two years later.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1873\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>US History. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\/textbooks\/us-history\">http:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\/textbooks\/us-history<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/us-history\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><li>Outside Michigan Stadium, on Greene Street: Beginning of a University students&#039; Anti-Vietnam War march, Ann Arbor, September 20, 1969.. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Wystan. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/70251312@N00\/8525983904\">https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/70251312@N00\/8525983904<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":23592,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"US History\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\/textbooks\/us-history\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/us-history\/pages\/1-introduction\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Outside Michigan Stadium, on Greene Street: Beginning of a University students\\' Anti-Vietnam War march, Ann Arbor, September 20, 1969.\",\"author\":\"Wystan\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/70251312@N00\/8525983904\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"802c4f16-eeb6-46c1-abf0-84ed6e8408c0","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1873","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":389,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23592"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1873\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7342,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1873\/revisions\/7342"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/389"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1873\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1873"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1873"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-ushistory2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}