{"id":40,"date":"2017-06-19T22:54:25","date_gmt":"2017-06-19T22:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/olemiss-writing100\/chapter\/conjunctions-and-lists\/"},"modified":"2020-04-17T19:01:51","modified_gmt":"2020-04-17T19:01:51","slug":"conjunctions-and-lists","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/chapter\/conjunctions-and-lists\/","title":{"raw":"Conjunctions and Lists","rendered":"Conjunctions and Lists"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Recognize the standard uses of commas<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Demonstrate the standard uses of commas<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Coordinating Conjunctions: FANBOYS<\/h2>\r\nCoordinating conjunctions are words that join two words or phrases of equal importance. The mnemonic FANBOYS helps us remember the seven most common: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.\r\n\r\nWhen these conjunctions join two words or phrases, no comma is necessary (for more than two, take a look at \u201cCommas in Lists\u201d just below). However, when these conjunctions are used to join two complete ideas, a comma is required:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Paula and Lucca had a great time on their date.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Danny studied the lifespan of rhinoceroses in their native Kenya, and he also studied the lifespan of rhinoceroses in captivity.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Minh turned off the lights but left the door unlocked.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>We could write this as two separate sentences, but we\u2019ve chosen to join them together here.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>We bought tickets so we could go to the concert.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>There is an accident on the highway, so you and Mom should take an alternate route.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Commas in Lists<\/h2>\r\nPerhaps one of the most hotly contested comma rules is the case of the <strong>serial comma<\/strong>. MLA style (as well as APA and <em>Chicago<\/em>) requires the use of the serial comma\u2014AP style highly recommends leaving it out. But what is the serial comma?\r\n\r\nThe serial comma is the comma before the conjunction (<em>and<\/em>, <em>or<\/em>, and <em>nor<\/em>) in a series involving a parallel list of three or more things. For example, \u201cI am industrious, resourceful, <strong>and<\/strong> loyal.\u201d The serial comma can provide clarity in certain situations. For example, if the \"and\" is part of a series of three or more phrases (groups of words) as opposed to single words:\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">Medical histories taken about each subject included smoking history, frequency of exercise, current height and weight, and recent weight gain.<\/div>\r\nThe serial comma can also prevent the end of a series from appearing to be a parenthetical:\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">I\u2019d like to thank my sisters, Beyonc\u00e9 and Rhianna.<\/div>\r\nWithout the serial comma, it may appear that the speaker is thanking his or her two sisters, who are named Beyonc\u00e9 and Rhianna (which could be possible, but isn\u2019t true in this case). By adding the serial comma, it becomes clear that the speaker is thanking his or her sisters, as well as the two famous singers: \u201cI\u2019d like to thank my sisters, Beyonc\u00e9, and Rhianna.\u201d\r\n\r\nBy always using a comma before the \"and\" in any series of three or more, you honor the distinctions between each of the separated items, and you avoid any potential reader confusion.\r\n\r\n<strong>Note:<\/strong> Some professors and many academic journals prefer to leave out the serial comma (for the journals, it is literally cheaper to print fewer commas). Because of this, the serial comma is not recommended in AP style.\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>practice<\/h3>\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/h5p.cwr.olemiss.edu\/h5p\/embed\/27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Recognize the standard uses of commas<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrate the standard uses of commas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Coordinating Conjunctions: FANBOYS<\/h2>\n<p>Coordinating conjunctions are words that join two words or phrases of equal importance. The mnemonic FANBOYS helps us remember the seven most common: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.<\/p>\n<p>When these conjunctions join two words or phrases, no comma is necessary (for more than two, take a look at \u201cCommas in Lists\u201d just below). However, when these conjunctions are used to join two complete ideas, a comma is required:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Paula and Lucca had a great time on their date.<\/li>\n<li>Danny studied the lifespan of rhinoceroses in their native Kenya, and he also studied the lifespan of rhinoceroses in captivity.<\/li>\n<li>Minh turned off the lights but left the door unlocked.<\/li>\n<li>We could write this as two separate sentences, but we\u2019ve chosen to join them together here.<\/li>\n<li>We bought tickets so we could go to the concert.<\/li>\n<li>There is an accident on the highway, so you and Mom should take an alternate route.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Commas in Lists<\/h2>\n<p>Perhaps one of the most hotly contested comma rules is the case of the <strong>serial comma<\/strong>. MLA style (as well as APA and <em>Chicago<\/em>) requires the use of the serial comma\u2014AP style highly recommends leaving it out. But what is the serial comma?<\/p>\n<p>The serial comma is the comma before the conjunction (<em>and<\/em>, <em>or<\/em>, and <em>nor<\/em>) in a series involving a parallel list of three or more things. For example, \u201cI am industrious, resourceful, <strong>and<\/strong> loyal.\u201d The serial comma can provide clarity in certain situations. For example, if the &#8220;and&#8221; is part of a series of three or more phrases (groups of words) as opposed to single words:<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">Medical histories taken about each subject included smoking history, frequency of exercise, current height and weight, and recent weight gain.<\/div>\n<p>The serial comma can also prevent the end of a series from appearing to be a parenthetical:<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">I\u2019d like to thank my sisters, Beyonc\u00e9 and Rhianna.<\/div>\n<p>Without the serial comma, it may appear that the speaker is thanking his or her two sisters, who are named Beyonc\u00e9 and Rhianna (which could be possible, but isn\u2019t true in this case). By adding the serial comma, it becomes clear that the speaker is thanking his or her sisters, as well as the two famous singers: \u201cI\u2019d like to thank my sisters, Beyonc\u00e9, and Rhianna.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>By always using a comma before the &#8220;and&#8221; in any series of three or more, you honor the distinctions between each of the separated items, and you avoid any potential reader confusion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Some professors and many academic journals prefer to leave out the serial comma (for the journals, it is literally cheaper to print fewer commas). Because of this, the serial comma is not recommended in AP style.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>practice<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/h5p.cwr.olemiss.edu\/h5p\/embed\/27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-40\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Style For Students Online.. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Joe Schall. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Pennsylvania State University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/styleforstudents\/\">https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/styleforstudents\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Penn State&#039;s College of Earth and Mineral Sciences&#039; OER Initiative. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":163,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision and Adaptation\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Style For Students Online.\",\"author\":\"Joe Schall\",\"organization\":\"The Pennsylvania State University\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/styleforstudents\/\",\"project\":\"Penn State\\'s College of Earth and Mineral Sciences\\' OER Initiative\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"0e30324c-30dc-479d-9390-044c70c4f25b, 8713e9fa-3972-45cc-8a0f-a7fe6b0f7708, 4fe97c2a-f70c-4461-ac13-d11a17d81651","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-40","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":23,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/40","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/163"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/40\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1322,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/40\/revisions\/1322"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/23"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/40\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=40"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=40"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-writingskillslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=40"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}