{"id":10297,"date":"2017-02-24T20:55:21","date_gmt":"2017-02-24T20:55:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/masterybusiness2xngcxmasterspring2016\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=10297"},"modified":"2019-01-05T01:41:47","modified_gmt":"2019-01-05T01:41:47","slug":"reading-new-technologies","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/chapter\/reading-new-technologies\/","title":{"raw":"Reading: New Technologies","rendered":"Reading: New Technologies"},"content":{"raw":"<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/143\/2017\/02\/24205852\/15430990035_b0b602a976_h.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10304\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/143\/2017\/02\/24205852\/15430990035_b0b602a976_h-300x169.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nWith certain\u00a0kinds of manufacturing processes\u2014especially ones demanding high precision and mass production\u2014it can be difficult or too costly to find the skilled labor needed to perform the tasks. This pressure has led to a growing reliance on computers and highly specialized software systems. Some of these new, sophisticated technologies\u00a0are described below.\r\n<h2><strong>Computer-Aided Design<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<strong>Computer-aided design\u00a0(CAD)<\/strong> is the use of\u00a0computer systems\u00a0(or\u00a0workstations) to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a\u00a0design.\u00a0CAD software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing. CAD is an important\u00a0industrial art\u00a0extensively used in many applications, including\u00a0automotive,\u00a0shipbuilding, and\u00a0aerospace\u00a0industries, industrial and\u00a0architectural design,\u00a0prosthetics, and many more. CAD is also widely used to produce\u00a0computer animation\u00a0for\u00a0special effects\u00a0in movies,\u00a0advertising,\u00a0and technical manuals. The ubiquity and power of computers today means that even perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers are designed using techniques unheard of by the engineers of the last century.\r\n<h2><strong>Computer-Aided Manufacturing<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<strong>Computer-aided manufacturing\u00a0(CAM)<\/strong> is the use of software to control\u00a0machine tools in the\u00a0manufacturing\u00a0of workpieces. Its primary purpose is to speed the production process and produce\u00a0components and tooling with more precise dimensions and material consistency. In some cases this enables production using only the required amount of raw materials\u2014thus minimizing waste and reducing energy consumption.\r\n\r\nIn\u00a0the following video, a CNC carving machine uses a computer program (CAD\/CAM) to create an amazing woodcarving:\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-DqwOHUxx1Y\r\n<h2><strong>Computer-Integrated Manufacturing<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<strong>Computer-integrated manufacturing\u00a0(CIM)<\/strong> is a\u00a0manufacturing\u00a0approach that uses computers\u00a0to control the entire production\u00a0process.\u00a0This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with one\u00a0another and initiate actions. Although CIM can be\u00a0faster and less error prone than conventional manufacturing, the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes.\r\n\r\nWatch this short video of a\u00a0factory in which\u00a0CIM is used in the factory production line to build\u00a0the Kia\u00a0Sportage:\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sjAZGUcjrP8\r\n<h2><strong>Flexible Manufacturing Systems<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nA\u00a0<strong>flexible manufacturing system<\/strong>\u00a0(<strong>FMS<\/strong>) offers\u00a0flexibility in the way the production system reacts to changes, whether planned\u00a0or unplanned. This flexibility is typically built into\u00a0one of the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Machine flexibility<\/strong>:\u00a0the system can be\u00a0changed to produce new product types or\u00a0alter the order of operations executed on a part.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Routing flexibility<\/strong>:\u00a0the system has\u00a0multiple\u00a0machines that can perform the same operation on a part, or the system can absorb large-scale changes in volume, capacity, or capability.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAn FMS has immense advantages over traditional production lines in which machines are set up to produce only one type of good. When the firm needs to switch a production line to manufacture a new product, substantial time and money are often spent modifying the equipment. An FMS makes it possible to change equipment set-ups merely by reprogramming computer-controlled machines. Such flexibility is particularly valuable to companies that produce customized products.\r\n<h2><strong>3D Printing<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<strong>3D printing\u00a0(or\u00a0additive manufacturing, AM)<\/strong> is any of various processes used to make a\u00a0three-dimensional\u00a0object.\u00a0In 3D printing, additive processes are used, in which successive layers of material are laid down under computer control.\u00a0These objects can be of almost any shape or geometry, and are produced from a\u00a03D model\u00a0or other electronic data source. A 3D printer is a type of\u00a0industrial robot. Several different 3D printing processes have been invented since the late 1970s. The printers were originally large, expensive, and highly limited in what they could produce; today they are much cheaper and more versatile.\r\n\r\nThe following short videos show 3D printing in action:\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/_n9vPNAzKVY\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/wD-nV952hTI\r\n\r\nThe main differences between 3D printing processes are in the way layers get\u00a0deposited to create parts and in the materials used to produce those layers.\u00a0Some methods melt or soften material to produce the layers, while others cure liquid materials using different sophisticated technologies. The primary\u00a0considerations in choosing a 3D printer\u00a0are speed, cost of the machine, cost of the printed prototype, cost and choice of materials, and color capabilities.\r\n\r\nRegardless of the type of technology being used in the production process, consumers benefit greatly from these advances. Mass customization of everything from Yankee candles to T-shirts to beverage\u00a0Koozies is possible because of these exciting advances in computer technology.","rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/143\/2017\/02\/24205852\/15430990035_b0b602a976_h.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10304\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/143\/2017\/02\/24205852\/15430990035_b0b602a976_h-300x169.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>With certain\u00a0kinds of manufacturing processes\u2014especially ones demanding high precision and mass production\u2014it can be difficult or too costly to find the skilled labor needed to perform the tasks. This pressure has led to a growing reliance on computers and highly specialized software systems. Some of these new, sophisticated technologies\u00a0are described below.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Computer-Aided Design<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Computer-aided design\u00a0(CAD)<\/strong> is the use of\u00a0computer systems\u00a0(or\u00a0workstations) to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a\u00a0design.\u00a0CAD software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing. CAD is an important\u00a0industrial art\u00a0extensively used in many applications, including\u00a0automotive,\u00a0shipbuilding, and\u00a0aerospace\u00a0industries, industrial and\u00a0architectural design,\u00a0prosthetics, and many more. CAD is also widely used to produce\u00a0computer animation\u00a0for\u00a0special effects\u00a0in movies,\u00a0advertising,\u00a0and technical manuals. The ubiquity and power of computers today means that even perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers are designed using techniques unheard of by the engineers of the last century.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Computer-Aided Manufacturing<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Computer-aided manufacturing\u00a0(CAM)<\/strong> is the use of software to control\u00a0machine tools in the\u00a0manufacturing\u00a0of workpieces. Its primary purpose is to speed the production process and produce\u00a0components and tooling with more precise dimensions and material consistency. In some cases this enables production using only the required amount of raw materials\u2014thus minimizing waste and reducing energy consumption.<\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0the following video, a CNC carving machine uses a computer program (CAD\/CAM) to create an amazing woodcarving:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Paradise Box Vcarve on CNC\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-DqwOHUxx1Y?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Computer-Integrated Manufacturing<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Computer-integrated manufacturing\u00a0(CIM)<\/strong> is a\u00a0manufacturing\u00a0approach that uses computers\u00a0to control the entire production\u00a0process.\u00a0This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with one\u00a0another and initiate actions. Although CIM can be\u00a0faster and less error prone than conventional manufacturing, the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes.<\/p>\n<p>Watch this short video of a\u00a0factory in which\u00a0CIM is used in the factory production line to build\u00a0the Kia\u00a0Sportage:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Car Factory - Kia Sportage factory production line\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sjAZGUcjrP8?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Flexible Manufacturing Systems<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>A\u00a0<strong>flexible manufacturing system<\/strong>\u00a0(<strong>FMS<\/strong>) offers\u00a0flexibility in the way the production system reacts to changes, whether planned\u00a0or unplanned. This flexibility is typically built into\u00a0one of the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Machine flexibility<\/strong>:\u00a0the system can be\u00a0changed to produce new product types or\u00a0alter the order of operations executed on a part.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Routing flexibility<\/strong>:\u00a0the system has\u00a0multiple\u00a0machines that can perform the same operation on a part, or the system can absorb large-scale changes in volume, capacity, or capability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An FMS has immense advantages over traditional production lines in which machines are set up to produce only one type of good. When the firm needs to switch a production line to manufacture a new product, substantial time and money are often spent modifying the equipment. An FMS makes it possible to change equipment set-ups merely by reprogramming computer-controlled machines. Such flexibility is particularly valuable to companies that produce customized products.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>3D Printing<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>3D printing\u00a0(or\u00a0additive manufacturing, AM)<\/strong> is any of various processes used to make a\u00a0three-dimensional\u00a0object.\u00a0In 3D printing, additive processes are used, in which successive layers of material are laid down under computer control.\u00a0These objects can be of almost any shape or geometry, and are produced from a\u00a03D model\u00a0or other electronic data source. A 3D printer is a type of\u00a0industrial robot. Several different 3D printing processes have been invented since the late 1970s. The printers were originally large, expensive, and highly limited in what they could produce; today they are much cheaper and more versatile.<\/p>\n<p>The following short videos show 3D printing in action:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"Makerbot\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_n9vPNAzKVY?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-4\" title=\"Student Builds Prosthetic With 3D Printer\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wD-nV952hTI?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The main differences between 3D printing processes are in the way layers get\u00a0deposited to create parts and in the materials used to produce those layers.\u00a0Some methods melt or soften material to produce the layers, while others cure liquid materials using different sophisticated technologies. The primary\u00a0considerations in choosing a 3D printer\u00a0are speed, cost of the machine, cost of the printed prototype, cost and choice of materials, and color capabilities.<\/p>\n<p>Regardless of the type of technology being used in the production process, consumers benefit greatly from these advances. Mass customization of everything from Yankee candles to T-shirts to beverage\u00a0Koozies is possible because of these exciting advances in computer technology.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-10297\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and adaptation. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Linda Williams and Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Computer-Aided Design. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computer-aided_design\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computer-aided_design<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Computer-Aided Manufacturing. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computer-aided_manufacturing\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computer-aided_manufacturing<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>3D Printing. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/3D_printing\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/3D_printing<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>ATAT_1_rgbWire. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Andrea Mueller. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/128363103@N02\/15430990035\/\">https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/128363103@N02\/15430990035\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Makerbot. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: BBC. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/_n9vPNAzKVY\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/_n9vPNAzKVY<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Student Builds Prosthetic with 3D Printer. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: BBC. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/wD-nV952hTI\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/wD-nV952hTI<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Paradise Box Vcarve on CNC. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: B. Perry. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-DqwOHUxx1Y\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-DqwOHUxx1Y<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube license<\/li><li>Car Factory - Kia Sportage factory production line. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: furiousdriving. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/sjAZGUcjrP8\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/sjAZGUcjrP8<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":26,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Computer-Aided Design\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computer-aided_design\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Computer-Aided Manufacturing\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computer-aided_manufacturing\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision and adaptation\",\"author\":\"Linda Williams and Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"3D Printing\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/3D_printing\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"ATAT_1_rgbWire\",\"author\":\"Andrea Mueller\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/128363103@N02\/15430990035\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Paradise Box Vcarve on CNC\",\"author\":\"B. Perry\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-DqwOHUxx1Y\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube license\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Car Factory - Kia Sportage factory production line\",\"author\":\"furiousdriving\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/sjAZGUcjrP8\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Makerbot\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"BBC\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/_n9vPNAzKVY\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-nd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Student Builds Prosthetic with 3D Printer\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"BBC\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/wD-nV952hTI\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-nd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-10297","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":91,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/10297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/10297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11165,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/10297\/revisions\/11165"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/91"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/10297\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=10297"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=10297"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=10297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}