{"id":9713,"date":"2017-01-27T17:32:12","date_gmt":"2017-01-27T17:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/masterybusiness2xngcxmasterspring2016\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=9713"},"modified":"2019-01-05T01:41:47","modified_gmt":"2019-01-05T01:41:47","slug":"reading-production-processes","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wmintrobusiness\/chapter\/reading-production-processes\/","title":{"raw":"Reading: Production Processes","rendered":"Reading: Production Processes"},"content":{"raw":"<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/143\/2017\/02\/26183455\/12825027074_3fc2ad5389_k.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10317\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/143\/2017\/02\/26183455\/12825027074_3fc2ad5389_k-300x219.jpg\" alt=\"Photo shows a long line of dominoes with a single Peeps marshmallow bunny standing in for one of the dominoes.\" width=\"600\" height=\"437\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\r\n<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\r\nThe best way to understand operations management in manufacturing and production is to consider the things you use on a daily basis: They were all produced or manufactured by someone, somewhere, and a great deal of thought and planning were needed to make them available. Watch the following\u00a0video on\u00a0the process used to manufacture the amazing Peep. It\u00a0will serve as a point of reference because it features many of the process components we will be discussing in this reading.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QsXjQ_OkcGk\r\n\r\nBusinesses know what they want to produce, but the challenge is to select\u00a0a process that will maximize\u00a0the productivity and efficiency of production. Senior management looks to their operations managers to inform this decision. As we examine the four major types of production processes, keep in mind that the most successful organizations are those that\u00a0<span style=\"color: #333333;\">have <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">their process and product aligned.<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n<h2>Project- or Job-Based Production<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Project-based production<\/strong> is one-of-a-kind production in which\u00a0only one unit is manufactured at a time. This type of production is often used\u00a0for very large projects or for individual customers. Because the customer's needs and preferences play such a decisive role in the final output, it's essential for the operations manager to maintain\u00a0open and frequent communication with that customer. The workers involved in this type of production are highly skilled or specialists in their field.\r\n\r\nThe following are examples of project-\u00a0or job-based production:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>custom home construction<\/li>\r\n \t<li>haircuts<\/li>\r\n \t<li>yachts<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><strong>Batch Production<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<strong>Batch production<\/strong> is a method used to produce similar items in groups, stage by stage. In batch production, the product goes through each stage of the process together before moving on to the next stage. The degree to which workers are involved in this type of production depends on the type of\u00a0product. It is common\u00a0for\u00a0machinery to be used for the actual production and workers participate\u00a0only at the beginning and end of the process.\r\n\r\nExamples of batch production include the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>bakeries<\/li>\r\n \t<li>textiles<\/li>\r\n \t<li>furniture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Mass Production<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Mass production<\/strong> is used by companies that need to create\u00a0standardized products in large quantities as economically as possible. Products are mass produced in order to generate the inventory needed to meet high market demand. This type of production usually requires heavy investment in machinery and equipment; workers are generally needed to assemble component parts to make the finished good.\r\n\r\nThe following goods are mass produced:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>toilet paper<\/li>\r\n \t<li>cell phones<\/li>\r\n \t<li>automobiles<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Flow or Continuous Production<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Flow production<\/strong>, also known as continuous production, occurs when a process runs twenty-four hours a day. Companies\u00a0whose products are homogeneous use this production approach to reduce cost and increase efficiency. These systems are highly automated, and workers act as monitors rather than as active participants.\r\n\r\nExamples of flow production:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>gas and oil<\/li>\r\n \t<li>steel<\/li>\r\n \t<li>chemicals<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWhile these production methods are different\u00a0from one another and are suitable for different production needs, it's a mistake to conclude that products are manufactured according to one and only one process. Consider the home in which you live. When the house was built, the contractor used a job process, and highly skilled workers were brought in to install the plumbing, heating, and electrical systems. The carpet that was installed, however, was produced according to\u00a0a batch process. The carpet manufacturer ran up a batch of carpeting in the color and style that now covers your floors. The kitchen and bathroom light fixtures, however, were probably mass produced before you or the contractor purchased them from a home improvement store. The paint on the walls of your house, meanwhile, was likely the product of a continuous or flow process.\r\n\r\nSo, even though you may not spend a lot of time thinking about the processes used to make different products, they surround you every day.\u00a0Every time you come in your front door or eat a meal or even drive your car, you interact with things that were made by combinations of job-based, batch, mass, and flow production processes.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/143\/2017\/02\/26183455\/12825027074_3fc2ad5389_k.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10317\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/143\/2017\/02\/26183455\/12825027074_3fc2ad5389_k-300x219.jpg\" alt=\"Photo shows a long line of dominoes with a single Peeps marshmallow bunny standing in for one of the dominoes.\" width=\"600\" height=\"437\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>The best way to understand operations management in manufacturing and production is to consider the things you use on a daily basis: They were all produced or manufactured by someone, somewhere, and a great deal of thought and planning were needed to make them available. Watch the following\u00a0video on\u00a0the process used to manufacture the amazing Peep. It\u00a0will serve as a point of reference because it features many of the process components we will be discussing in this reading.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Giving life to Peeps at the Just Born factory\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QsXjQ_OkcGk?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Businesses know what they want to produce, but the challenge is to select\u00a0a process that will maximize\u00a0the productivity and efficiency of production. Senior management looks to their operations managers to inform this decision. As we examine the four major types of production processes, keep in mind that the most successful organizations are those that\u00a0<span style=\"color: #333333;\">have <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">their process and product aligned.<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Project- or Job-Based Production<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Project-based production<\/strong> is one-of-a-kind production in which\u00a0only one unit is manufactured at a time. This type of production is often used\u00a0for very large projects or for individual customers. Because the customer&#8217;s needs and preferences play such a decisive role in the final output, it&#8217;s essential for the operations manager to maintain\u00a0open and frequent communication with that customer. The workers involved in this type of production are highly skilled or specialists in their field.<\/p>\n<p>The following are examples of project-\u00a0or job-based production:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>custom home construction<\/li>\n<li>haircuts<\/li>\n<li>yachts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Batch Production<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Batch production<\/strong> is a method used to produce similar items in groups, stage by stage. In batch production, the product goes through each stage of the process together before moving on to the next stage. The degree to which workers are involved in this type of production depends on the type of\u00a0product. It is common\u00a0for\u00a0machinery to be used for the actual production and workers participate\u00a0only at the beginning and end of the process.<\/p>\n<p>Examples of batch production include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bakeries<\/li>\n<li>textiles<\/li>\n<li>furniture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Mass Production<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Mass production<\/strong> is used by companies that need to create\u00a0standardized products in large quantities as economically as possible. Products are mass produced in order to generate the inventory needed to meet high market demand. This type of production usually requires heavy investment in machinery and equipment; workers are generally needed to assemble component parts to make the finished good.<\/p>\n<p>The following goods are mass produced:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>toilet paper<\/li>\n<li>cell phones<\/li>\n<li>automobiles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Flow or Continuous Production<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Flow production<\/strong>, also known as continuous production, occurs when a process runs twenty-four hours a day. Companies\u00a0whose products are homogeneous use this production approach to reduce cost and increase efficiency. These systems are highly automated, and workers act as monitors rather than as active participants.<\/p>\n<p>Examples of flow production:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>gas and oil<\/li>\n<li>steel<\/li>\n<li>chemicals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>While these production methods are different\u00a0from one another and are suitable for different production needs, it&#8217;s a mistake to conclude that products are manufactured according to one and only one process. Consider the home in which you live. When the house was built, the contractor used a job process, and highly skilled workers were brought in to install the plumbing, heating, and electrical systems. The carpet that was installed, however, was produced according to\u00a0a batch process. The carpet manufacturer ran up a batch of carpeting in the color and style that now covers your floors. The kitchen and bathroom light fixtures, however, were probably mass produced before you or the contractor purchased them from a home improvement store. The paint on the walls of your house, meanwhile, was likely the product of a continuous or flow process.<\/p>\n<p>So, even though you may not spend a lot of time thinking about the processes used to make different products, they surround you every day.\u00a0Every time you come in your front door or eat a meal or even drive your car, you interact with things that were made by combinations of job-based, batch, mass, and flow production processes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-9713\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Reading: Production Processes. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Linda Williams and Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Peeps. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Victoria Pickering. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/vpickering\/12825027074\/\">https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/vpickering\/12825027074\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Giving life to Peeps at the Just Born factory. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The News Times PPP. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QsXjQ_OkcGk\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QsXjQ_OkcGk<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":114,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Reading: Production Processes\",\"author\":\"Linda Williams and Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Peeps\",\"author\":\"Victoria Pickering\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/vpickering\/12825027074\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-nd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Giving life to Peeps at the Just Born factory\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"The News 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