{"id":491,"date":"2015-10-30T19:41:31","date_gmt":"2015-10-30T19:41:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/zelixcst110\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=491"},"modified":"2015-11-03T22:47:22","modified_gmt":"2015-11-03T22:47:22","slug":"defining-communication-study-guide","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/chapter\/defining-communication-study-guide\/","title":{"raw":"Defining Communication Study Guide","rendered":"Defining Communication Study Guide"},"content":{"raw":"<h2 class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Many Definitions of Communication <\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Communication study \u201cfocuses on how people use messages to generate meanings <\/span><span class=\"s1\">within and across various contexts, cultures, channels and media. The field <\/span><span class=\"s1\">promotes the effective and ethical practice of human communication\u201d (NCA, 1995) <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Smith, Laswell, and Casey offer a simple definition of communication study: \u201cwho says what, through what channels (media) of communication, to whom, [and] what will be the results\u201d <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">For the purpose of this text we define communication as the process of using symbols to exchange meaning. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">The Mathematical or <\/span><span class=\"s2\"><b>Linear Model of Communication <\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\">is a model that suggests communication moves only in one direction.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/10\/03111028\/Screen-Shot-2015-10-27-at-10.31.24-AM.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-492\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/10\/03111028\/Screen-Shot-2015-10-27-at-10.31.24-AM-300x61.png\" alt=\"Image of a blue horizontal arrow pointing right\" width=\"300\" height=\"61\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">A <b>sender <\/b>is someone who encodes and sends a message to a receiver through a particular channel. The sender is the initiator of communication.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">A <b>receiver <\/b>is the recipient of a message. The receiver must decode messages in ways that are meaningful for him\/her.\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">A <b>message <\/b>is the particular meaning or content the sender wishes the receiver to understand. The message can be intentional or unintentional, written or spoken, verbal or nonverbal, or any combination of these.\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">A <b>channel <\/b>is the method a sender uses to send a message to a receiver. The most common channels humans use are verbal and nonverbal communication\r\n<b><\/b><\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Noise <\/b>is anything that interferes with the sending or receiving of a message.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\">External and Internal Noise<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">The <\/span><span class=\"s4\"><b>Transactional Model of Communication <\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\">adds to the Linear Model by suggesting that both parties in a communication exchange act as both sender and receiver simultaneously, encoding and decoding messages to and from each other at the same time.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/10\/03111029\/Screen-Shot-2015-10-27-at-10.32.54-AM.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-493\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/10\/03111029\/Screen-Shot-2015-10-27-at-10.32.54-AM.png\" alt=\"Illustration of two blue arrows in a circle, pointing to the tail of the other\" width=\"255\" height=\"147\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Communication participants act as senders AND receivers simultaneously<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Communication is not a simple one\u2010way transmission of a message<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\">The personal filters and experiences of the participants impact each communication exchange<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\">Noise and personal filters always influence the outcomes of every communication exchange<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Key Terms <\/b><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">channel<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\">communication<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\">communication study<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\">linear model<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\">message<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\">noise<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\">receiver<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\">sender<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\">transactional model<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/oerfiles\/Communication\/Defining+Communication+Study+Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">A PDF of this Defining Communication Study Guide can be downloaded here.<\/a>","rendered":"<h2 class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Many Definitions of Communication <\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Communication study \u201cfocuses on how people use messages to generate meanings <\/span><span class=\"s1\">within and across various contexts, cultures, channels and media. The field <\/span><span class=\"s1\">promotes the effective and ethical practice of human communication\u201d (NCA, 1995) <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Smith, Laswell, and Casey offer a simple definition of communication study: \u201cwho says what, through what channels (media) of communication, to whom, [and] what will be the results\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">For the purpose of this text we define communication as the process of using symbols to exchange meaning. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">The Mathematical or <\/span><span class=\"s2\"><b>Linear Model of Communication <\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\">is a model that suggests communication moves only in one direction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/10\/03111028\/Screen-Shot-2015-10-27-at-10.31.24-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-492\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/10\/03111028\/Screen-Shot-2015-10-27-at-10.31.24-AM-300x61.png\" alt=\"Image of a blue horizontal arrow pointing right\" width=\"300\" height=\"61\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">A <b>sender <\/b>is someone who encodes and sends a message to a receiver through a particular channel. The sender is the initiator of communication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">A <b>receiver <\/b>is the recipient of a message. The receiver must decode messages in ways that are meaningful for him\/her.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">A <b>message <\/b>is the particular meaning or content the sender wishes the receiver to understand. The message can be intentional or unintentional, written or spoken, verbal or nonverbal, or any combination of these.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">A <b>channel <\/b>is the method a sender uses to send a message to a receiver. The most common channels humans use are verbal and nonverbal communication<br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Noise <\/b>is anything that interferes with the sending or receiving of a message.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p3\">External and Internal Noise<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">The <\/span><span class=\"s4\"><b>Transactional Model of Communication <\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\">adds to the Linear Model by suggesting that both parties in a communication exchange act as both sender and receiver simultaneously, encoding and decoding messages to and from each other at the same time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/10\/03111029\/Screen-Shot-2015-10-27-at-10.32.54-AM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-493\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/10\/03111029\/Screen-Shot-2015-10-27-at-10.32.54-AM.png\" alt=\"Illustration of two blue arrows in a circle, pointing to the tail of the other\" width=\"255\" height=\"147\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Communication participants act as senders AND receivers simultaneously<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Communication is not a simple one\u2010way transmission of a message<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\">The personal filters and experiences of the participants impact each communication exchange<\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\">Noise and personal filters always influence the outcomes of every communication exchange<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Key Terms <\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">channel<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\">communication<\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\">communication study<\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\">linear model<\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\">message<\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\">noise<\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\">receiver<\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\">sender<\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\">transactional model<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/oerfiles\/Communication\/Defining+Communication+Study+Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">A PDF of this Defining Communication Study Guide can be downloaded here.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-491\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Introduction to Communication. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Extended Learning Institute of Northern Virginia Community College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/eli.nvcc.edu\/\">http:\/\/eli.nvcc.edu\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Survey of Communication Study. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Scott T Paynton and Linda K Hahn. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Humboldt State University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Survey_of_Communication_Study\">https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Survey_of_Communication_Study<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":277,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Introduction to Communication\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Extended Learning Institute of Northern Virginia Community College\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/eli.nvcc.edu\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Survey of Communication Study\",\"author\":\"Scott T Paynton and Linda K Hahn\",\"organization\":\"Humboldt State University\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Survey_of_Communication_Study\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-491","chapter","type-chapter","status-web-only","hentry"],"part":24,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/277"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":494,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/491\/revisions\/494"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/24"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/491\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}