{"id":718,"date":"2015-11-03T15:06:14","date_gmt":"2015-11-03T15:06:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/zelixcst110\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=718"},"modified":"2015-11-03T15:08:45","modified_gmt":"2015-11-03T15:08:45","slug":"listening-study-guide","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/zelicst110\/chapter\/listening-study-guide\/","title":{"raw":"Listening Study Guide","rendered":"Listening Study Guide"},"content":{"raw":"<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Differences Between listening and hearing <\/span><\/h2>\r\n<table class=\"t1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"td1\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p2\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Listening <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td1\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p2\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Hearing <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"td2\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">focused <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td2\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">accidental <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">voluntary <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">involuntary <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">intentional <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">effortless <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">requires motivation and effort <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">automatic brain result <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Benefits of Listening <\/span><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Become a Better Student<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Become a Better Friend\r\n<\/span><span class=\"s1\">People Will Perceive You as Intelligent and Perceptive <\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Good Listening Can Help Your Public Speaking <\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Listening Styles <\/span><\/h2>\r\n<table class=\"t1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"td4\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p5\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">People <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td4\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p5\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Action <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td4\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p5\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Content <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td4\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p5\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Time <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Interested in the speaker <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">interested in finding out what the speaker wants <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">interested in the message itself <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">prefer a message that gets to the point quickly. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">listen to the message in order to learn how the speaker thinks and how they feel about their message. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">sometimes called task-oriented listening <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">interested in learning <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">impatient with slow delivery or lengthy explanations <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">more attentive to the speaker than to the message. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">listener seeks a clear message about what needs to be done <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">want to listen to well-developed information with solid explanations. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">receptive for only a brief amount of time <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Why Listening Is Difficult <\/span><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Noise (physical, psychological, physiological, semantic <\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Attention Span\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Receiver Biases\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Listening or Receiver Apprehension <\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Stages of Listening<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/11\/03111109\/Screenshot_8_18_15__2_54_PM.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-658\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/11\/03111109\/Screenshot_8_18_15__2_54_PM-300x121.png\" alt=\"Screenshot_8_18_15__2_54_PM\" width=\"300\" height=\"121\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Six Ways to Improve Your Critical Listening <\/span><\/h2>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Recognizing the Difference between Facts and Opinions\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Uncovering Assumptions\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Be Open to New Ideas\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Rely on Reason and Common Sense<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Relate New Ideas to Old Ones <\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Take Notes<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2 class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Key Terms <\/span><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Listening\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Hearing\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">people listening style\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">action listening style\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">content listening style\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">time listening style\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Physical Noise\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Psychological Noise\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Physiological Noise\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Semantic Noise\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Attention Span\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Receiver Biases\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Listening or Receiver Apprehension <\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Receiving\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Understanding\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Remembering\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Evaluating\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Responding\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Formative Feedback\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Summative Feedback\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Facts\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Assumptions<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/oerfiles\/Communication\/Listening+Study+Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">A PDF of this Listening\u00a0Study Guide can be downloaded here<\/a><\/span><span class=\"s2\">.<\/span><\/p>","rendered":"<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Differences Between listening and hearing <\/span><\/h2>\n<table class=\"t1\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-spacing: 0px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td1\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p2\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Listening <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td1\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p2\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Hearing <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td2\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">focused <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td2\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">accidental <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">voluntary <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">involuntary <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">intentional <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">effortless <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">requires motivation and effort <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">automatic brain result <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Benefits of Listening <\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Become a Better Student<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Become a Better Friend<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"s1\">People Will Perceive You as Intelligent and Perceptive <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Good Listening Can Help Your Public Speaking <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Listening Styles <\/span><\/h2>\n<table class=\"t1\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-spacing: 0px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td4\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p5\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">People <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p5\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Action <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p5\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Content <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p5\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Time <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Interested in the speaker <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">interested in finding out what the speaker wants <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">interested in the message itself <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">prefer a message that gets to the point quickly. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">listen to the message in order to learn how the speaker thinks and how they feel about their message. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">sometimes called task-oriented listening <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">interested in learning <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">impatient with slow delivery or lengthy explanations <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">more attentive to the speaker than to the message. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">listener seeks a clear message about what needs to be done <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">want to listen to well-developed information with solid explanations. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">receptive for only a brief amount of time <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Why Listening Is Difficult <\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Noise (physical, psychological, physiological, semantic <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Attention Span<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Receiver Biases<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Listening or Receiver Apprehension <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Stages of Listening<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/11\/03111109\/Screenshot_8_18_15__2_54_PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-658\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1284\/2015\/11\/03111109\/Screenshot_8_18_15__2_54_PM-300x121.png\" alt=\"Screenshot_8_18_15__2_54_PM\" width=\"300\" height=\"121\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Six Ways to Improve Your Critical Listening <\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Recognizing the Difference between Facts and Opinions\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Uncovering Assumptions<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Be Open to New Ideas<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Rely on Reason and Common Sense<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Relate New Ideas to Old Ones <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Take Notes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Key Terms <\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Listening<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Hearing<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">people listening style<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">action listening style<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">content listening style<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">time listening style<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Physical Noise<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Psychological Noise<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Physiological Noise<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Semantic Noise<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Attention Span<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Receiver Biases<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Listening or Receiver Apprehension <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Receiving<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Understanding<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Remembering<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Evaluating<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Responding<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Formative Feedback<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Summative Feedback<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Facts<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Assumptions<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/oerfiles\/Communication\/Listening+Study+Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">A PDF of this Listening\u00a0Study Guide can be downloaded here<\/a><\/span><span class=\"s2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-718\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Introduction to Communication. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Extended Learning Institute of Northern Virginia Community College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/eli.nvcc.edu\/\">http:\/\/eli.nvcc.edu\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Public Speaking: Practice and Ethics. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/public-speaking-practice-and-ethics\/\">http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/public-speaking-practice-and-ethics\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":277,"menu_order":10,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Introduction to Communication\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Extended Learning Institute of Northern Virginia 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