True or False? Justify your answer with a proof or a counterexample.
1. If [latex]\underset{n\to \infty }{\text{lim}}{a}_{n}=0[/latex], then [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{a}_{n}[/latex] converges.
2. If [latex]\underset{n\to \infty }{\text{lim}}{a}_{n}\ne 0[/latex], then [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{a}_{n}[/latex] diverges.
3. If [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }|{a}_{n}|[/latex] converges, then [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{a}_{n}[/latex] converges.
4. If [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{2}^{n}{a}_{n}[/latex] converges, then [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\left(-2\right)}^{n}{a}_{n}[/latex] converges.
Is the sequence bounded, monotone, and convergent or divergent? If it is convergent, find the limit.
5. [latex]{a}_{n}=\frac{3+{n}^{2}}{1-n}[/latex]
Show Solution
unbounded, not monotone, divergent
6. [latex]{a}_{n}=\text{ln}\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)[/latex]
7. [latex]{a}_{n}=\frac{\text{ln}\left(n+1\right)}{\sqrt{n+1}}[/latex]
Show Solution
bounded, monotone, convergent, [latex]0[/latex]
8. [latex]{a}_{n}=\frac{{2}^{n+1}}{{5}^{n}}[/latex]
9. [latex]{a}_{n}=\frac{\text{ln}\left(\cos{n}\right)}{n}[/latex]
Show Solution
unbounded, not monotone, divergent
Is the series convergent or divergent?
10. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{{n}^{2}+5n+4}[/latex]
11. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\text{ln}\left(\frac{n+1}{n}\right)[/latex]
12. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{{2}^{n}}{{n}^{4}}[/latex]
13. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{{e}^{n}}{n\text{!}}[/latex]
14. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{n}^{\text{-}\left(n+\frac{1}{n}\right)}[/latex]
Is the series convergent or divergent? If convergent, is it absolutely convergent?
15. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{{\left(-1\right)}^{n}}{\sqrt{n}}[/latex]
Show Solution
converges, but not absolutely
16. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{{\left(-1\right)}^{n}n\text{!}}{{3}^{n}}[/latex]
17. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{{\left(-1\right)}^{n}n\text{!}}{{n}^{n}}[/latex]
Show Solution
converges absolutely
18. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\sin\left(\frac{n\pi }{2}\right)[/latex]
19. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\cos\left(\pi n\right){e}^{\text{-}n}[/latex]
Show Solution
converges absolutely
Evaluate
20. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{{2}^{n+4}}{{7}^{n}}[/latex]
21. [latex]\displaystyle\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}[/latex]
Show Solution
[latex]\frac{1}{2}[/latex]
22. A legend from India tells that a mathematician invented chess for a king. The king enjoyed the game so much he allowed the mathematician to demand any payment. The mathematician asked for one grain of rice for the first square on the chessboard, two grains of rice for the second square on the chessboard, and so on. Find an exact expression for the total payment (in grains of rice) requested by the mathematician. Assuming there are [latex]30,000[/latex] grains of rice in [latex]1[/latex] pound, and [latex]2000[/latex] pounds in [latex]1[/latex] ton, how many tons of rice did the mathematician attempt to receive?
The following problems consider a simple population model of the housefly, which can be exhibited by the recursive formula [latex]{x}_{n+1}=b{x}_{n}[/latex], where [latex]{x}_{n}[/latex] is the population of houseflies at generation [latex]n[/latex], and [latex]b[/latex] is the average number of offspring per housefly who survive to the next generation. Assume a starting population [latex]{x}_{0}[/latex].
23. Find [latex]\underset{n\to \infty }{\text{lim}}{x}_{n}[/latex] if [latex]b>1[/latex], [latex]b<1[/latex], and [latex]b=1[/latex].
Show Solution
[latex]\infty [/latex], [latex]0[/latex], [latex]{x}_{0}[/latex]
24. Find an expression for [latex]{S}_{n}=\displaystyle\sum _{i=0}^{n}{x}_{i}[/latex] in terms of [latex]b[/latex] and [latex]{x}_{0}[/latex]. What does it physically represent?
25. If [latex]b=\frac{3}{4}[/latex] and [latex]{x}_{0}=100[/latex], find [latex]{S}_{10}[/latex] and [latex]\underset{n\to \infty }{\text{lim}}{S}_{n}[/latex]
Show Solution
[latex]{S}_{10}\approx 383[/latex], [latex]\underset{n\to \infty }{\text{lim}}{S}_{n}=400[/latex]
26. For what values of [latex]b[/latex] will the series converge and diverge? What does the series converge to?
