Each of the three main primary research methods for WRIT 250 has its benefits and drawbacks—as well as specific contexts in which they can be used. This table provides a snapshot overview of these different methods so that you can compare them and choose the best method(s) for your project.
|
Surveys |
Interviews |
Observations |
| Benefits |
- Large sample group possible
- Results generalizable to larger population(s)
- Comparisons between sub-groups possible
- Visuals (graphics, charts, etc.) easily created from quantitative data
|
- In-depth information and opinions on research topic
- Clarification and follow-up questions possible
- Questions can change as the interview progresses
- Comparisons between respondents possible
|
- Large sample group possible
- Results are based on actual and observed behaviors rather than reported behaviors/beliefs
- Quantitative and qualitative data possible
|
| Weaknesses |
- Questions can be misread by participants
- Static method means no chance to follow up for clarification
- Respondents may over- or under-report certain behaviors or beliefs
|
- Reliant upon knowledge base of one or few respondents, who may not be representative of a larger sample
- Qualitative data can be more complex to handle than quantitative data
- Respondents may over- or under-report certain behaviors or beliefs
|
- Time required can be intense
- Mistaken data collection can happen without a clear protocol
- Bias in data collection can happen without a clear protocol
|
Example
A student majoring in dietetics and nutrition is researching how young adults consume water, sodas, and other non-alcoholic beverages as well as what they know about the beverages’ caloric contents. Here are some options for that student’s primary research project.
| Survey |
Interview(s) |
Observation |
- Survey college students about their knowledge of these beverages as well as their self-reported behavior
|
- Interview a professor who is an expert in the field of young adults and nutrition
- Interview fellow students in detail about their knowledge of these beverages and their consumption habits
|
- Observe students at the campus food court, tallying how many students take drinks of each kind available at the drink dispenser(s)
|
