Research Methods Comparison

Each of the three main primary research methods for WRIT 250 has its benefits and drawbacks—as well as specific contexts in which they can be used. This table provides a snapshot overview of these different methods so that you can compare them and choose the best method(s) for your project.

Surveys Interviews Observations
Benefits
  • Large sample group possible
  • Results generalizable to larger population(s)
  • Comparisons between sub-groups possible
  • Visuals (graphics, charts, etc.) easily created from quantitative data
  • In-depth information and opinions on research topic
  • Clarification and follow-up questions possible
  • Questions can change as the interview progresses
  • Comparisons between respondents possible
  • Large sample group possible
  • Results are based on actual and observed behaviors rather than reported behaviors/beliefs
  • Quantitative and qualitative data possible
Weaknesses
  • Questions can be misread by participants
  • Static method means no chance to follow up for clarification
  • Respondents may over- or under-report certain behaviors or beliefs
  • Reliant upon knowledge base of one or few respondents, who may not be representative of a larger sample
  • Qualitative data can be more complex to handle than quantitative data
  • Respondents may over- or under-report certain behaviors or beliefs
  • Time required can be intense
  • Mistaken data collection can happen without a clear protocol
  • Bias in data collection can happen without a clear protocol

Example

A student majoring in dietetics and nutrition is researching how young adults consume water, sodas, and other non-alcoholic beverages as well as what they know about the beverages’ caloric contents. Here are some options for that student’s primary research project.

Survey Interview(s) Observation
  • Survey college students about their knowledge of these beverages as well as their self-reported behavior
  • Interview a professor who is an expert in the field of young adults and nutrition
  • Interview fellow students in detail about their knowledge of these beverages and their consumption habits
  • Observe students at the campus food court, tallying how many students take drinks of each kind available at the drink dispenser(s)