- What is suggested by the presence of white blood cells found in the urine?
- Why are females more likely to contract bladder infections than males?
- What anatomical structures provide protection to the kidney?
- Name the structures found in the renal hilum.
- What are the major structures comprising the filtration membrane?
- Give the formula for net filtration pressure.
- Name at least five symptoms of kidney failure.
- Which vessels and what part of the nephron are involved in countercurrent multiplication?
- Why are the loop of Henle and vasa recta important for the formation of concentrated urine?
- What organs produce which hormones or enzymes in the renin–angiotensin system?
- What is the role of ADH in water balance?
- When you drink beer,urine output increases. Why does this happen?