The new day and rebirth of learning that came with the Renaissance introduced a new generation of creative thought leaders and ground breakers. With the advent of new sources of learning recovered from the classical past, with the advantage of wide distribution of books and growing centers of learning in the universities in England, France, Germany, Italy, Bohemia, and elsewhere, individuals of learning and standing exercised influence in an ever-growing and significant manner. Their contributions and influence impacted all sectors of the culture in Western Europe and beyond. Key figures such as Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Machiavelli, Thomas Moore, Galileo, Bacon, Martin Luther, Erasmus, Shakespeare, and other leading lights made their mark on their own time and profoundly shaped the direction of the arts, science, literature, religion, philosophy, and politics far into the future.

Select a Renaissance figure from the accompanying list that made a significant contribution in some way. Describe why this is the case, and give three examples of how the contribution reflects the humanist ethos and spirit of the Renaissance period. Use the resources provided along with others to substantiate your argument.

Artists

1. Leonardo Da Vinci (1452–1519)

2. Michelangelo (1475–1564)

Political Thinkers

3. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527)

4. Thomas Moore (1478–1535)

Scientists

5. Francis Bacon (1561–1626)

6. Galileo (1564–1642)

Theologians and Philosophers

7. Martin Luther (1483–1546)

8. Erasmus (1466–1536)

Poet/ Playwright

9. William Shakespeare (1564 –1616)