Introduction to Statistics – Gravina

Table of Contents

• Module 1: Sampling and Data

• • Introduction: Sampling and Data
  • Sampling and Data
  • Definitions of Statistics, Probability, and Key Terms
  • Frequency, Frequency Tables, and Levels of Measurement
  • Experimental Design and Ethics
  • Section Exercises
  • Answers to Selected Exercises

• Module 2: Descriptive Statistics

• • Introduction: Descriptive Statistics
  • Stem-and-Leaf Graphs (Stemplots)
  • Measures of the Location of the Data
  • Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Time Series Graphs
  • Box Plots
  • Measures of the Center of the Data
  • Skewness and the Mean, Median, and Mode
  • Measures of the Spread of Data
  • When to use each measure of Central Tendency
  • Section Exercises
  • Answer to Selected Exercises

• Module 3: Probability

• • Introduction: Probability Topics
  • The Terminology of Probability
  • Independent and Mutually Exclusive Events
  • Two Basic Rules of Probability
  • Contingency Tables
  • Tree and Venn Diagrams
  • Section Exercises
  • Answers to Selected Exercises

• Module 4: Discrete Random Variables

• • Introduction: Discrete Random Variables
  • Probability Distribution Function (PDF) for a Discrete Random Variable
  • Mean or Expected Value and Standard Deviation
  • Binomial Distribution
  • Geometric Distribution
  • Section Exercises
  • Answers to Selected Exercises

• Module 5: Continuous Random Variables

• • Introduction: Continuous Random Variables
  • Continuous Probability Functions
  • The Uniform Distribution
  • Section Exercises
  • Answers to Selected Exercises

• Module 6: Normal Distribution

• • Introduction to the Normal Distribution
  • The Standard Normal Distribution
  • Using the Normal Distribution
  • Section Exercises
  • Answers to Selected Exercises

• Module 7: The Central Limit Theorem

• • Introduction: The Central Limit Theorem
  • The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Means (Averages)
  • Using the Central Limit Theorem
  • Section Exercises
  • Answers to Selected Exercises

• Module 8: Confidence Intervals

• • Introduction: Confidence Intervals
  • A Single Population Mean using the Normal Distribution
  • A Single Population Mean using the Student t Distribution
  • A Population Proportion
  • Section Exercises
  • Answers to Selected Exercises

• Module 9: Hypothesis Testing With One Sample

• • Introduction: Hypothesis Testing with One Sample
  • Null and Alternative Hypotheses
  • Outcomes and the Type I and Type II Errors
  • Distribution Needed for Hypothesis Testing
  • Rare Events, the Sample, Decision and Conclusion
  • Additional Information and Full Hypothesis Test Examples
  • Section Exercises
  • Answers to Selected Exercises

• Module 12: Linear Regression and Correlation

• • Introduction: Linear Regression and Correlation
  • Linear Equations
  • Scatter Plots
  • The Regression Equation
  • Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient
  • Prediction
  • Outliers
  • Section Exercises
  • Answers to Selected Exercises
• • Appendix
  • Appendix A: Review Exercises (Ch 3-13)
  • Appendix A-1: Solutions to Review Exercises (Ch 3-13)
  • Appendix B: Practice Tests (1-4) and Final Exams
  • Appendix C - Data Sets
  • Appendix F: Mathematical Phrases, Symbols, and Formulas
  • Appendix G: Notes for the TI-83, 83+, 84, 84+ Calculators
  • Appendix H: Tables