Approximately 200 enzymes require NAD or NADP+. We will go through some selected functions of NAD and NADP+. The following figures and legends show and describe the functions of NAD and NADP+.
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Figure 10.511 NAD is required for glycolysis1
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Figure 10.512 NAD is required for the transition reaction and at three different points in the citric acid cycle2
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Figure 10.513 NAD is required for fatty acid oxidation
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Figure 10.514 Alcohol oxidation; NAD is required by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the MEOS uses NADPH3,4
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Figure 10.515 Fatty acid synthesis uses NADPH5
HMG CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, uses NADPH. NADPH is also used by the antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase as shown in the link below6.
Web Link–The Glutathione Oxidation Reduction (Redox) Cycle |
References & Links
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CellRespiration.svg
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Citric_acid_cycle_with_aconitate_2.svg
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ethanol_flat_structure.png
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaldehyde#/media/File:Acetaldehyde-2D-flat.svg
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion
6. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. (2008) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
Links
The Glutathione Oxidation Reduction (Redox) Cycle – http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/selenium/gsh.html
Candela Citations
- Kansas State University Human Nutrition Flexbook. Authored by: Brian Lindshield. Provided by: Kansas State University. Located at: http://goo.gl/vOAnR. License: CC BY: Attribution