Write a Rate as a Fraction

Frequently we want to compare two different types of measurements, such as miles to gallons. To make this comparison, we use a rate. Examples of rates are [latex]120[/latex] miles in [latex]2[/latex] hours, [latex]160[/latex] words in [latex]4[/latex] minutes, and [latex]\text{\$5}[/latex] dollars per [latex]64[/latex] ounces.

When writing a fraction as a rate, we put the first given amount with its units in the numerator and the second amount with its units in the denominator. When rates are simplified, the units remain in the numerator and denominator.

Find Unit Rates

In the last example, we calculated that Bob was driving at a rate of [latex]{\Large\frac{\text{175 miles}}{\text{3 hours}}}[/latex]. This tells us that every three hours, Bob will travel [latex]175[/latex] miles. This is correct, but not very useful. We usually want the rate to reflect the number of miles in one hour. A rate that has a denominator of [latex]1[/latex] unit is referred to as a unit rate.

Unit rates are very common in our lives. For example, when we say that we are driving at a speed of [latex]68[/latex] miles per hour we mean that we travel [latex]68[/latex] miles in [latex]1[/latex] hour. We would write this rate as [latex]68[/latex] miles/hour (read [latex]68[/latex] miles per hour). The common abbreviation for this is [latex]68[/latex] mph. Note that when no number is written before a unit, it is assumed to be [latex]1[/latex].

So [latex]68[/latex] miles/hour really means [latex]\text{68 miles/1 hour.}[/latex]

Two rates we often use when driving can be written in different forms, as shown:

Another example of unit rate that you may already know about is hourly pay rate. It is usually expressed as the amount of money earned for one hour of work. For example, if you are paid [latex]\text{\$12.50}[/latex] for each hour you work, you could write that your hourly (unit) pay rate is [latex]\text{\$12.50/hour}[/latex] (read [latex]\text{\$12.50}[/latex] per hour.)

To convert a rate to a unit rate, we divide the numerator by the denominator. This gives us a denominator of [latex]1[/latex].

The next video shows more examples of how to find rates and unit rates.

Calculating Unit Price

Sometimes we buy common household items ‘in bulk’, where several items are packaged together and sold for one price. To compare the prices of different sized packages, we need to find the unit price. To find the unit price, divide the total price by the number of items. A unit price is a unit rate for one item.

Unit prices are very useful if you comparison shop. The better buy is the item with the lower unit price. Most grocery stores list the unit price of each item on the shelves.

Now we compare the unit prices. The unit price of the liquid detergent is about [latex]\text{\$0.23}[/latex] per load and the unit price of the powder detergent is about [latex]\text{\$0.20}[/latex] per load. The powder is the better buy.

Notice in the example above that we rounded the unit price to the nearest cent. Sometimes we may need to carry the division to one more place to see the difference between the unit prices.

The follwoing video shows another example of how you can use unit price to compare the value of two products.