Search Results for: Chemical equation
14.4 Reactions That Form Alcohols
Learning Objective Describe how to prepare alcohols from alkenes. Methanol is prepared by combining hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide at high temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst composed of zinc oxide (ZnO) and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) catalyst: Methanol is an important solvent and is used as an automotive fuel, either as the Read more »
13.5 Polymers
Learning Objectives Draw structures for monomers that can undergo addition polymerization and for four-monomer-unit sections of an addition polymer. The most important commercial reactions of alkenes are polymerizations, reactions in which small molecules, referred to in general as monomers (from the Greek monos, meaning “one,” and meros, meaning “parts”), are assembled into giant molecules referred to Read more »
12.1 Organic Chemistry
Learning Objective Recognize the composition and properties typical of organic and inorganic compounds. Scientists of the 18th and early 19th centuries studied compounds obtained from plants and animals and labeled them organic because they were isolated from “organized” (living) systems. Compounds isolated from nonliving systems, such as rocks and ores, the atmosphere, and the oceans, Read more »
11.6 End-of-Chapter Material
Chapter Summary To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter. Some atoms have unstable nuclei that emit particles and high-energy electromagnetic radiation to form new elements that are Read more »
11.5 Nuclear Energy
Learning Objectives Explain where nuclear energy comes from. Describe the difference between fission and fusion. Nuclear changes occur with a simultaneous release of energy. Where does this energy come from? If we could precisely measure the masses of the reactants and the products of a nuclear reaction, we would notice that the amount of mass Read more »
10.5 Buffers
Learning Objective Define buffer and describe how it reacts with an acid or a base. As indicated in Section 10.4 “The Strengths of Acids and Bases”, weak acids are relatively common, even in the foods we eat. But we occasionally come across a strong acid or base, such as stomach acid, that has a strongly Read more »
9.5 End-of-Chapter Material
9.5 End-of-Chapter Material Chapter Summary To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter. A solution is a homogeneous mixture. The major component is the solvent, while the minor Read more »
8.3 Gases and Pressure
Learning Objective Describe the gas phase. The gas phase is unique among the three states of matter in that there are some simple models we can use to predict the physical behavior of all gases—independent of their identities. We cannot do this for the solid and liquid states. In fact, the development of this understanding Read more »
7.6 End-of-Chapter Material
Chapter Summary To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the following bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter. Energy is the ability to do work. The transfer of energy from one place to another is Read more »
7.1 Energy and Its Units
Learning Objective Define energy and heat. Energy is the ability to do work. You can understand what this means by thinking about yourself when you feel “energetic.” You feel ready to go—to jump up and get something done. When you have a lot of energy, you can perform a lot of work. By contrast, if you Read more »
